question

propinquity effect

answer

The finding that the more we see and interact with people, the more likely they are to become our friends

question

mere exposure effect

answer

The finding that the more exposure we have to a stimulus, the more apt we are to like it.

question

social exchange theory

answer

The idea that people's feelings about a relationship depend on their perceptions of the rewards and costs of the relationship they deserve, and their chances for having a better relationship with someone else.

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comparison level

answer

People's expectations about the levels of rewards and punishments they are likely to receive in a particular relationship.

question

comparison level for alternatives

answer

People's expectations about the level of rewards and punishments they would receive in an alternative relationship.

question

equity theory

answer

The idea that people are happiest with relationships in which the rewards and costs experienced and the contributions made by both parties are roughly equal.

question

companionate love

answer

The intimacy and affection we feel when we care deeply for a person but do not experience or passion or arousal in the person's presence.

question

passionate love

answer

An intense longing we feel for a person, accompanied by physiological arousal; when our love is reciprocated, we feel great fulfillment and ecstasy, but when it is not, we feel sadness and despair.

question

evolutionary approach to love

answer

A theory derived from evolutionary biology that holds that men and women are attracted to different characteristics in each other (men are attracted by women's appearance, women are attracted by men's resources) because this maximises their chances of reproductive success.

question

evolutionary psychology

answer

The attempt to explain social behavior in terms of genetic factors that evolved over time according to the principles of natural selection.

question

attachment styles

answer

The expectations people develop about relationships with others, based on the relationship they had with their primary caregiver when they were infants.

question

secure attachment style

answer

An attachment style characterized by trust, a lack of concern with being abandoned, and the view that one is worthy and well liked.

question

avoidant attachment style

answer

An attachment style characterized by a suppression of attachment needs, because attempts to be intimate have been rebuffed; people with this style find it defficult to develop intimate relationships.

question

anxious/ambivalent attachment style

answer

An attachment style characterized by a concern that others will not reciprocate one's desire for intimacy, resulting in higher-than-average levels of anxiety.

question

investment model

answer

The theory that people's commitment to a relationship depends not only on their satisfaction with the relationship in terms of rewards, costs and comparison level and their comparison level for alternatives, but also on how much they have invested in the relationship that would be lost by leaving it.

question

exchange relationships

answer

Relationships governed by the need for equity (i.e. for an equal ratio of rewards and costs).

question

communal relationships

answer

Relationships in which people's primary concern is being responsive to the other person's needs.

question

need for affiliation

answer

The desire to establish social contact with others.

question

arouses (increases)

answer

Stress ________ our need for affiliation

question

loneliness

answer

A feeling of deprivation about social relations.

question

proximity

answer

Factors that affect initial attraction: 1) ________, 2) familiarity, 3) physical attractiveness, 4) similarity, 5) reciprocity, 6) arousal, 7) evolutionary reproductive strategy.

question

familiarity

answer

Factors that affect initial attraction: 1) proximity, 2) ________, 3) physical attractiveness, 4) similarity, 5) reciprocity, 6) arousal, 7) evolutionary reproductive strategy.

question

physical attractiveness

answer

Factors that affect initial attraction: 1) proximity, 2) familiarity, 3) ________, 4) similarity, 5) reciprocity, 6) arousal, 7) evolutionary reproductive strategy.

question

similarity

answer

Factors that affect initial attraction: 1) proximity, 2) familiarity, 3) physical attractiveness, 4) ________, 5) reciprocity, 6) arousal, 7) evolutionary reproductive strategy.

question

reciprocity

answer

Factors that affect initial attraction: 1) proximity, 2) familiarity, 3) physical attractiveness, 4) similarity, 5) ________, 6) arousal, 7) evolutionary reproductive strategy.

question

arousal

answer

Factors that affect initial attraction: 1) proximity, 2) familiarity, 3) physical attractiveness, 4) similarity, 5) reciprocity, 6) ________, 7) evolutionary reproductive strategy.

question

evolutionary reproductive strategy

answer

Factors that affect initial attraction: 1) proximity, 2) familiarity, 3) physical attractiveness, 4) similarity, 5) reciprocity, 6) arousal, 7) ________.

question

functional distance

answer

Aspect of architecture that determines the likelihood of friendship; people near stairs and mail box more likely to be friends.

question

times of transition or disruption

answer

Loneliness is most likely to occur during __________.

question

adolescents and young adults up 18 to 30 years

answer

Loneliest groups in America are ______________

question

everyone wants the most attractive, charming date

answer

Blind date study found that 1) ______________, 2) people matched with best dates wanted to pursue them again, 3) nothing else mattered (social skills) 4) there were no gender differences

question

people matched with best dates wanted to pursue them again

answer

Blind date study found that 1) everyone wants the most attractive, charming date, 2) ______________, 3) nothing else mattered (social skills) 4) there were no gender differences

question

nothing else mattered (e.g. social skills)

answer

Blind date study found that 1) everyone wants the most attractive, charming date, 2) people matched with best dates wanted to pursue them again, 3) ______________ 4) there were no gender differences

question

there were no gender differences

answer

Blind date study found that 1) everyone wants the most attractive, charming date, 2) people matched with best dates wanted to pursue them again, 3) nothing else mattered (social skills) 4) ______________

question

large eyes

answer

Features considered universally beautiful 1) ______________, 2) prominent cheekbones, 3) big smile, 4) men - large chin, 5) women - narrow cheeks and high eyebrows

question

prominent cheekbones

answer

Features considered universally beautiful 1) large eyes, 2) ______________, 3) big smile, 4) men - large chin, 5) women - narrow cheeks and high eyebrows

question

big smile

answer

Features considered universally beautiful 1) large eyes, 2) prominent cheekbones, 3) ______________, 4) men - large chin, 5) women - narrow cheeks and high eyebrows

question

men - large chin

answer

Features considered universally beautiful 1) large eyes, 2) prominent cheekbones, 3) big smile, 4) ______________, 5) women - narrow cheeks and high eyebrows

question

women - narrow cheeks and high eyebrows

answer

Features considered universally beautiful 1) large eyes, 2) prominent cheekbones, 3) big smile, 4) men - large chin, 5) ______________

question

average, symmetrical

answer

The more _______ and _______ a face is, the more it is seen as attractive.

question

evolutionary

answer

The explanation that "averageness and symmetry signals health" represents which psychological perspective on physical attractiveness?* [evolutionary/cognitive psych]*

question

cognitive psych

answer

The explanation that "prototypes are perceived as familiar and as the "best" examples (prototypes) of the category" represents which

question

both within and between

answer

Ideal body shapes vary *[within/between/both within and between]* cultures

question

more

answer

Body type appears to be *[less/more]* cross-culturally variable than facial attractiveness

question

beauty enhancement

answer

Cultural differences in attractiveness standards vary: 1) in_______, 2) in standards, 3) in ideal body shapes, 4) over time

question

standards

answer

Cultural differences in attractiveness standards vary: 1) in beauty enhancement, 2) in _______ , 3) in ideal body shapes, 4) over time

question

ideal body shapes

answer

Cultural differences in attractiveness standards vary: 1) in beauty enhancement, 2) in standards, 3) in _______, 4) over time

question

over time

answer

Cultural differences in attractiveness standards vary: 1) in beauty enhancement, 2) in standards, 3) in ideal body shapes, 4) _______

question

negative

answer

The factor of similarity in interpersonal attraction indicates that sharing a *[negative/positive]* attitude about a third party may be especially likely to increase liking for another person.

question

negative, positive

answer

Sharing a ________ attitude increases likelihood of liking more than sharing a _______attitude.

question

resist liking that person in return

answer

The factor of reciprocity in interpersonal attraction indicates that if someone likes you, it is hard to ___________

question

nonverbal liking

answer

Mimicry is a factor of reciprocity in interpersonal attraction indicates that mimicry is ______

question

excitation transfer

answer

What is the name of the theory that says that one's physiological arousal can be labeled in many ways; sometimes arousal is misattributed to romantic interest

question

evolutionary psychology

answer

What are the two perspectives on why average faces are seen as more attractive? 1) __________, 2) cognitive psychology.

question

cognitive psychology

answer

What are the two perspectives on why average faces are seen as more attractive? 1) __________, 2) evolutionary psychology.

question

Matching Hypothesis

answer

Name the theory: People tend to become involved romantically with others who are equivalent in their physical attractiveness (and SES status, and attitudes).

question

no

answer

Do opposites attract?

question

greater

answer

In Murstein (1972) study, was there *[less/greater]* similarity in attractiveness ratings of couples than of random pairs?

question

more

answer

In Zajonc et. al. (1987) study, people were *[less/more]* accurate at guessing which individuals were couples after 25 years compared to photos of the individuals at a younger age.

question

negative

answer

Sharing a *[positive/negative]* attitude about a third party may be especially likely to increase liking for another person.

question

harder

answer

If someone likes you, it is *[easier/harder]* to resist liking that person in return

question

excitation transfer theory

answer

Name the theory: One's physiological arousal can be labeled in many ways; sometimes arousal is misattributed to romantic interest

question

professional status, height

answer

In Personal ads, men are more likely to offer information about their ________and _______.

question

attractiveness, weight, younger women

answer

In Personal ads, men seek _________, __________ and _____________

question

physical attractiveness, weight

answer

In Personal ads, women are more likely to offer information about their __________, and____________

question

professional status, height, older men

answer

In Personal ads, women seek ___________, ________________ and __________

question

highly selective

answer

Evolutionary perspective says that women must be ___________ because they are biologically limited in the number of children they can bear and raise in a lifetime

question

inseminating many women

answer

Evolutionary perspective says that men can father an unlimited number of children and ensure their reproductive success by _________.

question

fertile (physical markers of health and reproductive fitness)

answer

Men tend to seek younger women (who are most likely to be _________).

question

resources

answer

Women tend to desire older men (who are most likely to have _______________).

question

sexual

answer

Men become most jealous from ______ infidelity.

question

emotional

answer

Women feel more threatened by _________ infidelity.

question

mutual attraction (love)

answer

Cross-cultural universals for long term relationships, both men and women desire in a mate: 1) ______, 2) dependable character, 3) emotional stability, 4) pleasing disposition

question

dependable character

answer

Cross-cultural universals for long term relationships, both men and women desire in a mate: 1) mutual attraction (love), 2) ______, 3) emotional stability, 4) pleasing disposition

question

emotional stability

answer

Cross-cultural universals for long term relationships, both men and women desire in a mate: 1) mutual attraction (love), 2) dependable character, 3) ______, 4) pleasing disposition

question

pleasing disposition

answer

Cross-cultural universals for long term relationships, both men and women desire in a mate: 1) mutual attraction (love), 2) dependable character, 3) emotional stability, 4) ______

question

passion, intimacy, commitment

answer

According to Sternberg's Triangular Model of Love, what are the three main elements of love which, when combined in different ways, can be used to describe romantic love, fatuous love and companionate love?

question

commitment

answer

According to Sternberg's Triangular Model of Love, "Empty Love" would be incomplete because it has only one of the three elements of love: passion, intimacy, commitment. Which one?

question

passion

answer

According to Sternberg's Triangular Model of Love, "Infatuation" would be incomplete because it has only one of the three elements of love: passion, intimacy, commitment. Which one?

question

intimacy

answer

According to Sternberg's Triangular Model of Love, "Liking" would be incomplete because it has only one of the three elements of love: passion, intimacy, commitment. Which one?

question

social exchange theory

answer

Theories of romantic relationships: 1) ____________, 2) equity theory, 3) attachment theory, 4) evolutionary explanations

question

equity theory

answer

Theories of romantic relationships: 1) social exchange theory, 2) ____________, 3) attachment theory, 4) evolutionary explanations

question

attachment theory

answer

Theories of romantic relationships: 1) social exchange theory, 2) equity theory, 3) ____________, 4) evolutionary explanations

question

evolutionary explanations

answer

Theories of romantic relationships: 1) social exchange theory, 2) equity theory, 3) attachment theory, 4) ____________

question

economic negotiations

answer

According to social exchange theory, all social relationships like ____________

question

rewards exceed costs

answer

According to social exchange theory, we seek out and maintain relationships where ____________

question

similar for both partners

answer

According to equity theory, people are most satisfied with a relationship when the ratio between the benefits and contributions is __________

question

parent-child interaction patterns

answer

According to attachment theory, there are three types of interactions patterns for romantic relationships which are based on ____________

question

secure, avoidant, anxious (ambivalent)

answer

According to attachment theory, there are three types of interactions patterns for romantic relationships which are: _______, _________, __________

question

56

answer

Percentage of adults who - according to attachment theory - would be classified as "secure" in their interaction pattern

question

25

answer

Percentage of adults who - according to attachment theory - would be classified as "avoidant" in their interaction pattern

question

secure

answer

According to attachment theory, people with which type of interaction pattern would most likely be able to develop enduring mature, intimate relationships?

question

avoidant

answer

According to attachment theory, people with which type of interaction pattern would be more likely suppress their attachment needs, and have difficulty establishing mature, intimate relationships?

question

anxious (ambivalent)

answer

According to attachment theory, people with which type of interaction pattern would most likely be concerned that others wouldn't reciprocate their feelings?

question

collectivist

answer

Are people from individualistic or collectivist cultures more likely to marry someone if they were not in love?

question

reject

answer

In lesbian & gay relationships, people tend to *[replicate/reject]* traditional husband-wife roles as models for their relationships.

question

just as

answer

In lesbian & gay relationships, people tend to be *[just as/not as]* successful as heterosexual relationships

question

no

answer

In lesbian & gay relationships, there are *[no/large]* differences in measures of love, satisfaction

question

liking

answer

In a study that compared expressed love and liking in married heterosexual, cohabiting heterosexual, gay, and lesbian romantic relationships, researchers found that that there were no differences between couples liking or loving their partners, except that cohabiting couples were lower on *[liking/loving]* their partners.

question

more

answer

In Oliver & Hydes (1993) review of research, they found that men were *[less/more/no different in]* liberal in attitudes toward premarital sex than women.

question

more

answer

In Oliver & Hydes (1993) review of research, they found that men were* [less/more/not different in]* accepting of extramarital sex compared to women.

question

more

answer

In Oliver & Hydes (1993) review of research, they found that men were *[less/more]* likely to have had sex than women.

question

larger

answer

In Oliver & Hydes (1993) review of research, they found that men reported* [smaller/larger/no difference in]* number of sexual partners compared to women.

question

more

answer

In Oliver & Hydes (1993) review of research, they found that men were only slightly* [less/more]* liberal in attitude toward masturbation compared to women

question

much

answer

In Oliver & Hydes (1993) review of research, they found that men had *[slightly/much]* greater incidence of masturbation than women

question

no difference in

answer

In Oliver & Hydes (1993) review of research, they found that men reported *[less/more/no difference in]* sexual satisfaction compared to women.

question

no difference in

answer

In Oliver & Hydes (1993) review of research, they found that men reported *[less/more/no difference in]* incidence of kissing compared to women.

question

no difference in

answer

In Oliver & Hydes (1993) review of research, they found that men reported* [less/more/no difference in]* incidence of oral sex compared to women.

question

no difference in

answer

In Oliver & Hydes (1993) review of research, they found that men had *[lower/higher/ no difference in]* attitudes toward homosexuality compared to women.

question

just for sex

answer

In a comparison of men's and women's preferences for a partner for a person to *[date/ date steadily/ marry / just for sex]*, men and women had similar minimum standards for intelligence in their partner except for _________

question

criticism

answer

Trouble markers for marriages, which, together, can predict divorce 14 years later are 1) _________, 2) defensiveness, 3) stonewalling, 4) contempt.

question

defensiveness

answer

Trouble markers for marriages, which, together, can predict divorce 14 years later are 1) criticism, 2) _________, 3) stonewalling, 4) contempt.

question

stonewalling

answer

Trouble markers for marriages, which, together, can predict divorce 14 years later are 1) criticism, 2) defensiveness, 3) _________, 4) contempt.

question

contempt

answer

Trouble markers for marriages, which, together, can predict divorce 14 years later are 1) criticism, 2) defensiveness, 3) stonewalling, 4) _________.

question

long-lasting

answer

A relationship is likely to be* [long-lasting/ break up]* when the couple: has incorporated each other into one's self

question

interdependent, much

answer

A relationship is likely to be long-lasting when the couple has become _________and has invested* [little/much]* into the relationship

question

intensified

answer

Where a couple has become interdependent and has invested much into the relationship, stress is* [reduced/intensified] *after the relationship ends.

question

negative

answer

People in successful marriages tend to discount or forget *[positive/negative]* interpersonal memories and events

question

satisfaction

answer

Conveying idealized depictions of one's relationship leads to marital *[satisfaction/disillusionment]*.

Social psychology – Interpersonal attraction Ch 10 – Flashcards

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