Chapter 17- An Era of Protest and Change – Flashcards
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Counterculture
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People that adopted values that ran counter to mainstream culture
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What was the counterculture and what impact did it have on society?
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It blatantly opposed traditional American ways, like women wearing trousers and men with long hair. Most members of the counterculture tended to be white, middle-class college youth.
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Generation gap
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A lack of understanding and communication between the older and younger generations
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What factors influenced the rise of the counterculture?
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The Beat movement, the civil rights movement, and the Vietnam antiwar movement
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The Beatles
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A British band that had an enormous influence on popular music in the 1960s
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Communes
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Small communities in which the people have common interests and share resources
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Haight-Ashbury
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A San Francisco district that became the "capital" of the hippie counterculture during the 1960s
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Timothy Leary
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Political radical who encouraged people to reject mainstream society
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What were the characteristics of the counterculture?
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Experimentation with music, drugs, art, sexuality, and spirituality.
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Why did the counterculture fall apart?
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The counter culture fell apart because drug overdoses became excessive and leaders became self centered so there was lack of focus for a common vision
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What lead to the rise of the women's movement, and what impact did it have on American society?
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Women wanted equal pay for work and equal opportunities for employment. It led to the rise of feminism.
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Feminism
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The theory of political, social, and economic equality for men and women
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Betty Friedan
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Betty Friedan 1921-2006. American feminist, activist and writer. Best known for starting the "Second Wave" of feminism through the writing of her book "The Feminine Mystique".
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How did the women's movement of the 1960s begin?
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It began with women looking at the civil rights movement. This sparked their interest in them winning equality.
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National Organization for Women (NOW)
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The organization that dedicated itself to winning "true equality for all women" and to attaining a "full and equal partnership of the sexes"
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Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
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An amendment to the Constitution that would guarantee gender equality under the law
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Gloria Steinem
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An American feminist, journalist, and social and political activist who became nationally recognized as a leader of, and media spokeswoman for, the women's liberation movement in the late 1960s and 1970s.
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Phyllis Schlafly
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Anti-feminist who led the campaign to defeat the ERA claiming it would undermine the american family
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What were the various goals of the women's movement?
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To try and gain equal rights in things like employment and pay for men and women
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Roe v. Wade
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Supreme court decision that assured women the right to legal abortions
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What legal and social gains has the women's movement made?
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They can work in the same jobs as men, they now have the right to abortion, etc.
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How did the rights movements of the 1960s and 1970s expand rights for diverse groups of Americans?
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Latinos and Native Americans worked to secure their civil rights in the 1960s and 1970s. Activists also worked to expand the rights of consumers and people with disabilities.
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Why did Mexicans and immigrants from other Latin American countries migrate to the United States?
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Most for better paying jobs, but some came as refugees trying to escape the harsh laws of dictators.
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Cesar Chavez
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He fought for the rights of farm laborers
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Migrant farmworkers
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Farmers who migrated form farm to farm and state to state to pick fruits and vegetables
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United Farm Workers (UFW)
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Worldwide labor union in which Ceser Chavez fought for equal pay for all workers
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Chicano movement
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It was a movement to increase Latinos' awareness of their history and culture. It was also to attain political strength for Latinos
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What were some of the demands of Latino groups in the 1960s and the 1970s?
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Their demands were better labor and working conditions, more political representation, and more recognition of their culture in school.
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American Indian Movement (AIM)
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At first, AIM was designed to help Indians living in urban ghettos. After time, AIM was addressing all civil rights issues, particularly the securing of land, legal rights, and self-government for the Native Americans.
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Japanese American Citizens League
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Founded in 1929 to protect Japanese Americans' civil rights
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Why did Native Americans work to expand their rights?
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They wanted to secure land and legal rights
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Ralph Nader
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He was a consumer rights leader. He pointed out the dangers of products to the consumer. One of these was a dangerous car whose gas tank was in the front.
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How did rights for consumers and people with disabilities expand during the 1960s and 1970s?
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Many people made groups and camps to help them. Also, many laws were passed for their equal rights.
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Rachel Carson
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She was an environmental activist saying that us humans were hurting the environment. She also wrote the book Silent Spring that sparked many other environmental actions.
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What forces gave rise to the environmental movement and what impact did they have?
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The "rights revolution" gave rise to the environmental movement and it got people more aware of environmental issues and prompted an important debate about the government's role in environmental regulations.
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Toxic waste
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Poisonous byproduct of human activity
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Earth Day
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Annual event of environmental awareness and protection; began in 1970; takes place on April 22nd
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Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
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Government agency committed to cleaning up and protecting the environment, sought to limit or to eliminate pollutants that posed a risk to the public's health, such as toxic substances that cause cancer
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Clean Air Act
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Passed in 1970; lessened air pollution by limiting the emissions from factories and automobiles
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Clean Water Act
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Passed in 1973; restricted pollution of water by industry and agriculture
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Endangered Species Act
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Passed in 1973; promoted the protection of endangered plants and animals
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How did the modern environmental movement grow?
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Because of the Three Mile Island incident Americans became more aware of the dangers of nuclear power and more laws were put into place protecting the environment.
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Why did some people oppose the environmental movement?
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Some complained that it stripped individuals of their property rights, that it would decrease the value of land, and that it might hamper business and jobs by diverting funds to clean air, water, etc.
