Developmental Psychology – Chapter 6 (Social and Personality Development in Infancy) – Flashcards
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Attachment Theory
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The view that the ability and need to form an attachment relationship early in life are genetic characteristics of all human beings
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Attachment
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The emotional tie to a parent experienced by an infant, from which the child derives security
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Synchrony
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A mutual, interlocking pattern of attachment behaviours shared by a parent and a child
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Stranger Anxiety
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Expressions of discomfort, such as clinging to the mother, in the presence of strangers
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Separation Anxiety
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Expressions of discomfort, such as crying, when separated from an attachment figure
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Social Referencing
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Infants' use of others' facial expressions as a guide to their own emotions
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Secure Attachment
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A pattern of attachment in which an infant readily separates from the parent, seeks proximity when stressed, and uses the parent as a safe base for exploration
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Avoidant Attachment
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A pattern of attachment in which an infant avoids contact with the parent and shows no preference for the parent over other people
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Ambivalent Attachment
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A pattern of attachment in which the infant shows little exploratory behaviour, is greatly upset when separated from the parent, and is not reassured by the parent's return or efforts to comfort him
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Disorganized/disoriented Attachment
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A pattern of attachment in which an infant seems confused or apprehensive and shows contradictory behaviour, such as moving toward the parent while looking away from him or her
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Contingent Responsiveness
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Being sensitive to the child's verbal and nonverbal cues and responding appropriately
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Personality
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A pattern of responding to people and objects in the environment
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Temperament
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Inborn predispositions, such as activity level, that form the foundations of personality
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Niche-Picking
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The process of selecting experiences on the basis of temperament
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Goodness of Fit
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The degree to which an infant's temperament is adaptable to his or her environment, and vice versa
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Subjective Self
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An infant's awareness that she or he is a separate person who endures through time and space and can act on the environment
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Objective (categorical) Self
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The toddler's understanding that she or he is defined by various categories, such as gender, or qualities, such as shyness
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Joint Attention
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When two people are focusing their attention on an object and each is aware that the other is attending to the same object
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Enriched Daycare
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Daycare that provides structured programming to build skills, such as literacy, numeracy, social, art, and physical skills
