Psychology: Socialization Topic Test – Flashcards
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Which of the following statements best summarizes the process of cultural sharing?
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Cultures have changed over time as different groups have passed their values to other groups while at the same time adopting practices of other groups.
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When individuals go through the process of _________, they are likely to shed all the customs of their past culture.
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assimilation
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When diffusion of cultural elements occurs, the result is that __________.
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cultural practices are adopted in new places and contexts
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Which of the following would not be an example of a counterculture group?
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C. a group of soccer fans who want to see good matches
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A subculture that organizes itself in opposition to the dominant culture or to a different subculture is called a(n) __________.
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counterculture
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Popular culture __________.
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A. is fluid and can quickly change
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Which of the following statements correctly represents the difference between acculturation and assimilation?
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A. Assimilation occurs when a group is fully integrated into another culture, and acculturation occurs when a group adopts some beliefs of another culture but remains distinct from other groups.
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Which of the following statements reflect the difference between a subculture and a counterculture?
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C. The dominant culture accepts the subculture as a part of its own culture but rejects the countercultures.
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Appropriation is best described as the process by which __________.
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D. one culture adopts features from a nearby culture for its own benefit
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Which of the following is an example of cultural appropriation?
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B. the use of acupuncture in the United States
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Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between culture and the environment?
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IS NOT D. Environments cannot influence culture.
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Which of the following statements correctly represents the difference between diffusion and appropriation?
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IS NOT A. Diffusion occurs when a group is fully integrated into another culture, and appropriation occurs when a group adopts some beliefs of another culture but remains distinct from other groups.
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Which of the following is an example of cultural diffusion?
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A. the spread of soccer as a sport across countries
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What is the purpose of an event schema?
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An event schema helps determine the proper course of action during social situations.
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Randall is hiring cooks for his restaurant. The first applicant is a handsome man with an average resumé and average job experience. The second applicant is a far less attractive man with a slightly above average resumé and above average job experience. Randall decides to hire the first applicant. Based on this information and on Randall's decision, what might a psychologist conclude about Randall's social perception?
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Randall has an unconscious assumption that attractive people are more competent.
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In which of the following ways are social schemas learned?
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B. through interaction and observation
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Which of the following is not a way that social perception affects people?
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D. It helps them understand their own personalities.
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In general, a social schema could most accurately be described as __________.
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IS NOT A. rigid
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Which of the following statements does not describe a feature of social perception?
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B. Social perception happens slowly.
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Sam is going to be introduced to a person whom he will be working with for a long time. When meeting that person for the first time, it is likely that Sam's initial impression will be __________.
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B. formed without Sam's conscious input
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What is the effect of attractiveness on social perceptions of friendliness?
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A. Those who are attractive are perceived as more friendly.
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Social schemas are useful because they allow people to __________.
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A. make quick decisions
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George sees Jamie walking with her friends. George notes that Jamie is clearly nervous and uncomfortable around her friends. He observes this as her friends urge her into throwing a rock at a car. Based on the information above, which of the following explanations best describes George externally assigning attribution to Jamie's behavior?
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B. He thinks Jamie's behavior was the result of her friends' urging.
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_________ tends to be caused by a desire to protect an individual's self-esteem.
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Self-serving bias
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Judy is running late for class. Her alarm clock didn't ring, so she woke up late. Her car wouldn't start, so she had to take the bus. When she arrives at school, the professor scolds her for "planning poorly." Which of the following statements about the professor is most likely to be true?
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The professor has made an internal attribution.
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Alan is competing in a speed-eating contest. He ends up winning the contest, beating four other competitors. The competitors grumble that he only won because he had the smallest portion of food to eat. What kind of attribution has Alan's competitors assigned to explain his success?
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D. unstable external attribution
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Which of the following is the best demonstration of the fundamental attribution error?
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"Brandy acts well because she's just so talented."
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Katherine is at the movie theater. She waits in line for ten minutes, and then the ticket seller is very rude to her. When she gets inside to buy her snacks, her order is incorrect. Finally, she goes into the theater itself and finds only one open seat even though the ticket seller told her that there were plenty of open seats. She storms back out to the lobby and asks for the manager. When the manager arrives, Katherine yells and screams at her. According to the principle of fundamental attribution error, what are other theater-goers likely to think of Katherine's behavior?
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C. "Wow, I'll bet she is rude to everyone."
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Uriela is walking to school. Daniel pushes her aside as he runs down the street. Uriela becomes upset with Daniel because she believes his behavior was caused by his rudeness. What kind of attribution has Uriela assigned to explain Daniel's behavior?
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IS NOT C. a stable external attribution
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Which of the following is the best demonstration of the fundamental attribution error?
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A. Polly believes that her father is smart because he explained the math problem.
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Which of the following situations involves an external attribution?
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IS NOT D. Cassidy believes she did well on the exam because she tried very hard.
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In self-serving bias, individuals are more likely to attribute their successes to __________.
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C. personal characteristics
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If one is acting according to the principle of defensive attribution, what is the most likely attribution of a person who sees a homeless man?
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IS NOT A. "Society should have done more to help him."
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Which of the following statements would be best described as an expression of an attitude that is low in accessibility and high in ambivalence?
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C. Ralph: "I'm not sure about bananas. I'd have to think about it."
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John Henry loves driving railroad spikes. He would do it all day even if he wasn't getting paid. He is constantly thinking about driving railroad spikes and loves to talk about the proper techniques for efficient hammering. Which of the following statements would best describe John Henry's attitude?
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John Henry has a highly accessible, strong, and certain attitude toward driving railroad spikes.
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The cognitive component of an attitude usually describes the subject's __________ the attitudinal object.
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A. knowledge or beliefs about
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William has been going to baseball games his entire life. His father took him to games when he was young, and William told his father that he loved baseball. Once he grew up, William found that he did not have time to go to any baseball games. William later told his father that he doesn't like baseball that much. Based on the self-perception theory, what is the best explanation of the scenario?
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B. William's behaviors influence his attitude toward baseball.
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The theory stating that we form attitudes through observing another's behavior or through conditioning is the __________ theory.
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IS NOT A. elaboration
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Which of the following statements concerning the dimensions of attitudes is not correct?
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IS NOT A. The easier an attitude is to access, the stronger the attitude usually is.
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An attitude that is considered strong is likely to __________.
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A. have a great effect on behavior
