Chapter 6 pyc 251 – Flashcards
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1. According to Erik Erikson, the "great governor" of initiative is:
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conscience
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2. _____ emotions do not appear to develop until self-awareness appears around 18 months of age.
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self-conscious emotions
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3. When Brianna is upset her mother facilitates open discussion about why she is upset and helps her figure out how to deal with the negative emotions. Therefore, Brianna's mother takes an _____ approach to parenting.
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emotion-coaching
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4. When her mother asks Selena why she feels so sad, Selena says it is because her best friend just lost her puppy. Selena is exhibiting
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empathy
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5. Jerome, 6, and Hani, 10, get up early on Saturday morning and decide to make "breakfast in bed" for their mother. While reaching for the bed tray in the back of the hall cabinet, they accidentally break one of their mother's favorite porcelain dolls. Jerome knows that he's going to get into "big trouble." Hani tells him not to worry because Mom would understand that it was an accident. In what stage would Jean Piaget categorize the moral reasoning of Jerome and Hani?
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Autonomous morality
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6. Older children, who are _____, recognize that punishment occurs only if someone witnesses the wrongdoing and that even then, punishment is not inevitable.
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moral autonomist
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7. Young children tend to believe that if a rule is broken, punishment will be meted out immediately. This indicates a belief in the concept of:
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immanent justice
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8. Which two approaches hold that the processes of reinforcement, punishment, and imitation explain the development of moral behavior?
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The behavoiral and social cognitive approach
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a theory that gender difference results from the contrasting roles of women and men
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Social role theory
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10. Girls are more likely to engage in "_____," in which they talk and act in a more reciprocal manner.
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collaborative discourse
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12. Lucy frequently spanks her child, enforces rigid household rules, and exhibits rage toward her child when those rules are broken. Lucy is most likely a(n):
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authoritarian
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13. Logan is a warm and loving parent, but he also has high expectations of his kids. As he encourages independent and age-appropriate behavior from his children, Baumrind would classify him as a(n):
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authoritative
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14. Josh's mother makes his favorite food—burgers, fries, and pizza—every night for dinner. His mother lets Josh play as much as he wants to, study only when he feels like it, and imposes no fixed bedtime. Josh's mom is most likely a(n):
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Indulgent
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15. Bernard just brought home his report card and placed it on the television set. Bernard told his dad that he was required to bring the card back to school tomorrow with the signature of one of his parents. Bernard's dad told him to move out of the way because he could not see the TV set. The next morning, Bernard found his report card where he left it, unsigned. He signed his dad's name and put it in his backpack. Bernard's dad is most likely a(n):
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Neglectful
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16. Which parenting style leads to egocentric, domineering, and noncompliant behavior in children?
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Indulgent
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17. Which parenting style could lead to social incompetence, truancy, and delinquency in children?
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Neglectful
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18. Working-class and low-income families are more likely to practice a(n) _____ parenting style.
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neglectful
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19. What country has the highest percentage of single-parent families?
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usa
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20. What have research studies found out about the sexual orientation of the overwhelming majority of children from gay or lesbian families?
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no differences in gay families to heterosexual ones
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more concerned that their children conform to society expectations, create a home atmosphere in which it is clear that parents have authority over children.
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Lower-ses parents
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more concerned with developing children initiative and their capacity to delay gratification, create a home atmosphere in which children are more equal participants an in which rules are discussed as opposed to being laid down.
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Higher ses- parents
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Thought play helps children master anxieties and conflicts, because pent - up tensions are released through play.
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Freud and Erickson
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concluded that play is the childs work
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Piget and Vygotsky
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play to be an excellent setting for cognitive development
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Vygotsky
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described play as exciting and pleasurable in itself because it satisfies our exploratory drive.
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Berylyne
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play that involves repot of behavior when new skills are being learned or when physical or mental mastery and coordination of skills are required for same or sports.
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Practice play
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play that involves social interactions w/ peers
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Social play
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play that conbines sensorimotor and receptive activity with symbolic representation of ideas , occurs when children engage in self-regulated creation or construction of a product or a problem solution
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Constructive play
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Tv time should be limited to
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1 hour per day
