Ch 1 People – Flashcards
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Freud
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Theorized that our basic personality is shaped in the first 5 years of life
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Freud
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Described 5 stages of psychosexual development.
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Freud
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Theorized that our adult personality is determined by the way we resolve conflicts between sources of pleasure
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Erikson
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Theorized we develop in psychosocial stages
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Erikson
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8 stages of development
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Erikson
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Each stage of dev. has a task that confronts the individual with a crises that must be resolved
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Erikson
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Theorized that the more successfully a person resolves a crisis, the healthier their development will be
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Psychoanalytical Theorists
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Erikson and Freud
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Cognitive Thoeries
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This type of theory emphasizes conscious thoughts
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3 cognitive theories
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Piaget's cognitive dev. theory
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3 cognitive theories
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Vygotsky's sociocultural cognitive theory
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3 cognitive theories
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Information processing theory
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Piaget's Theory
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Theorized that children actively construct their understanding of the world
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Piaget's Theory
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Described 4 stages of development with 2 processes at the basis
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Piaget's Theory
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2 processes at the basis of this theory are organization (separating more and less important ideas) and adaption (adapting to new environmental demands)
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Piaget's Theory
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Believed the stages of development consist in a qualitatively different way of thinking
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Piaget's Theory
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4 stages- sensorimotor stage preoperational stage concrete operational stage formal operational stage
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Vygotsky's Sociocultural Cognitive Thoery
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this theory emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development
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Vygotsky's Sociocultural Cognitive Thoery
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This theory says that development of memory, attention, reasoning, etc. involves learning to use the inventions of society
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Vygotsky's Sociocultural Cognitive Thoery
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This theory says that knowledge is situated and collaborate.
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Vygotsky's Sociocultural Cognitive Thoery
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This theory says that knowledge is NOT generated from within an individual. It is constructed through interaction with people and objects in the culture.
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Information Processing Theory
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This theory emphasizes that individuals manipulate, monitor, and strategize information
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Information Processing Theory
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This theory says that individuals develop a gradually increasing capacity for processing information so they can acquire more complex knowledge
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Information Processing Theory
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This theory says that an important aspect of dev is learning how to learn and process information
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Behaviorism
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We can study scientifically only what can be directly observed and measured
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3 Behavioral + Social Cognitive Theories
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Pavlov's classical conditioning
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3 Behavioral + Social Cognitive Theories
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Skinner's operant conditioning
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3 Behavioral + Social Cognitive Theories
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Bandura' social cognitive theory
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Pavlov's Classical Conditioning
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a neutral stimulus acquires the ability to produce a response originally produced by another stimulus
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Pavlov's Classical Conditioning
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theorizes that feelings and thought are key aspects of development
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Pavlov's Classical Conditioning
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this theory argues that involuntary responses can be manipulated and controlled
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Skinner's Operant Conditioning
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this theory supports that behavior is a key aspect of development
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Skinner's Operant Conditioning
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this theory says that the consequences of a behavior affect the probability of the behavior's future occurence
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Skinner's Operant Conditioning
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this theory says that rewards and punishments shape development
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Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory
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This theory says that behavior, environment, and cognition are the key factors in development
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Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory
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This theory supports observational learning
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Bandura's Social Cognitive Thoery
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This theory believes that behavior, thoughts and feeling are influenced by observational learning
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Bandura's Social Cognitive Thoery
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this theory believes that a certain individual cognitively represents the behavior of others
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Ethology
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Behavior is influenced by biology, is tied to evolution, is characterized by critical or sensitive periods
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Psychoanalytic theories
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This type of theory states that dev. is beyond awareness and is colored by emotion
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psychoanalytic theory
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This type of theory thinks early experiences with parents extensively shapes dev.
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Lorenz
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experience with geese
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Lorenz
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imprinting- rapid, innate learning within a critical period of time that involves attachment to the first thing seen
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Ecological thoery
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this theory emphasizes environmental factors
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Brofenbrenner's ecological theory
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this theory states that development reflects the influence of 5 environmental systems
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Brofenbrenner's ecological theory
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microsystem, mesosytem, exosystem, macrosystem, chronosystem
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One-Sided evolutionism
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Bandura criticized this social behavior is the product of evolutionary biology
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bidirectional view
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Bandura supported this environment and biological conditions influence eachother
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Gessell
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created the photographic dome
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Gessell
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this theory argued that characteristics "bloom" with age because of a biological, maturational blueprint
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Sandra Scarr
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this theory said that there are 3 ways that heredity and environment are correlated
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Sandra Scarr
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passive genotype environmental correlation
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Sandra Scarr
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evocative
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Sandra Scarr
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active
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G. Stanley Hall
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pioneered the use of questionnaires with large groups of children
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G. Stanley Hall
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this theory said child dev. follows a natural evolutionary course and unfolds in stages with distinct motives and capabilities
