Unit 1: Culture and Social Structure
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sociology
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study of human behavior from a group perspective
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social interaction
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human's ability to relate & influence other people/groups
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social phenomena
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the observable fact/ events we study to better understand human behavior
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sociological perspective
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looking beyond commonly held beliefs to find deeper meaning (allows us to see all human behaviors)
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sociological imagination
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connection between oneself and the larger world
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social science
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used to study of human behavior or institutions & the function of human society
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anthropology
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the study of past and present culture
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psychology
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the study of behavior and mental processes
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economics
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study aspects of goods and services produced
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political science
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study of organization and operation of governments
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history
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the study of past events in human society
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Auguste Comte
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founder of sociology; introduced social statics and social dynamics; Applied the method of the physical science to society
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Harriet Martineau
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Advocate of the idea that society should try to improve society, not just study it; known for translating Comet's work into English; women's right, religious tolerance, end of slavery
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Herbert Spencer
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Applied the principle of biology to society; combined study of natural and social science; Social Darwinism (social traits would survive and negative traits die off)
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Karl Marx
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structure of society influenced how its economy is organized; Two classes: Bourgeoisie and Proletariat; basis of conflict theory
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Emile Durkheim
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Applied methods of science to sociology; society is a set of interdependent parts that maintain the system throughout time; Functionalism
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Max Weber
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Interested in separate groups within society, not society as a whole; Verstehan; ideal type
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Jane Addams
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focused on the causes of poverty; especially women, children, and immigrants; focused on negative effects of industrialization and urbanization
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W.E.B Du Bois
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mixed social analysis with social reform; focused on race relations
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theories
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explanations of the relationships among particular phenomena
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theoretical perspective
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school of thought
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functionalist perspective
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society is a set of interrelated parts working together to produce a stable social system
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dysfunction
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negative consequence
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manifest function
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intended consequence
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latent function
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unintended consequence
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conflict perspective
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forces in society that promote competition and change
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feminist perspective
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viewing society as a gender system in which men dominate women
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interactionist perspective
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how individuals interact with one another in society
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symbolic interaction
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meaning, language, and thought
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macrosociology
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whole society (functionalist & conflict)
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microsociology
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small groups/individuals (symbolic interactionist)
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globalization
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relationships world-wide
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scientific method
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an objective, logical, and systematic ways of collecting empirical data and arriving at reasoned collection
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hypothesis
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an educated guess that predicts the relationship between two variables
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variable
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characteristics that can differ from a situation to another in a measurable way
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correlation
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exist when a change in one variable is associated with another
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survey
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allows collection of data from large number of people
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sample
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small number of people drawn from a larger group
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historical method
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examining materials from the past that contains info
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content analysis
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counting the number of times something occurs in a given context
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particular observation
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researchers become directly involved in the situation under investigation
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case study
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intensive analysis of a problem
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experiment
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data is gathered under controlled conditions
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statistical analysis
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analyzing data that has been collected to determine the strength of the relationship
