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The increasing interconnectedness of people and places through converging processes of economic, political, and cultural change is:

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globalization

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Features of a well-integrated global economy do NOT include:

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state-controlled economies

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Hybridization is the process of:

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melding American popular culture with local cultural traditions.

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Key multinational organizations that facilitate the flow of goods and capital across international boundaries include the:

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World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Trade Organization (WTO).

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One of the leading criticisms against globalization is that it

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increases inequity between rich and poor.

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Rapid population growth is a serious concern for some nations. However, some nations with no natural increase in population still have growing populations due to:

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in-migration.

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Demographic transition is:

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a four-stage model that tracks changes in birth- and death rates through time as a population urbanizes.

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Population pyramids are useful because they:

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compare the number of males vs. females in a given population, and compare the number of young to old in that same group.

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Currently, migrants account for about _____ of the world's total population. Of these, roughly _____ are refugees from civil strife.

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2 percent; 20 percent

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As people in developing countries move from the countryside to cities, they should expect major changes in all of the following EXCEPT:

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transportation methods

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Culture is:

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Learned, shared and dynamic.

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Cultural nationalism:

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promotes and defends an existing cultural system against incoming cultures.

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Increasingly, the \"lingua franca\" for business and other international activities is:

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english

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The largest religion in the world, both in areal extent and number of adherents, is:

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christianity

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Hinduism is all of the following EXCEPT:

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A universalizing religion, which actively seeks new converts.

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A relatively homogenous cultural group with its own fully independent political territory is a:

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nation-state

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Many forces tend to hold a nation together or were factors in nation-building due to their advantages. Which of the following are considered centripetal forces that promote political unity and reinforce the state structure?

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all of the answers provided

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Political boundaries that follow cultural traits such as language or religion are:

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ethnographic boundaries.

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The U.S.-led war on global terrorism involves:

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Asymmetrical warfare, where superpower military technology and strategy must face lower-level technology and nontraditional tactics.

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Decolonialization means:

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The process of gaining control over territory and establishing a separate government, independent from the colonial power.

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The core-periphery model was developed to explain why, until recently, most economic development was centered in North America, Western Europe, and Japan. Of the following, which is NOT an assumption of this model?

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Former colonies in the periphery may prosper at the expense of core states.

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Gross national income (GNI) is an incomplete or misleading economic indicator because it ignores:

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Nonmarket economic activity, ecological degradation or depletion of natural resources.

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In order to obtain a sense of the true cost of living in an area, one can adjust raw economic data to create a comparable figure for a common market basket of goods and services purchased with local currency. This adjustment is called:

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Purchasing Power Parity.

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Which of the following is NOT an indicator of regional or national social development?

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Number of live births per 1,000 population.

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In many countries, work performed by women is not completely included in economic statistics measuring employment or productivity because:

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Household and agricultural work is generally unpaid.

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COLONIALISM

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the formal and established rule over local peoples by a larger imperialist government

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CORE-PERIPHERY MODEL

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according to this scheme, the US, Canada, Western Europe, and Japan constitute the global economic core, while other regions make up a less developed economic periphery from which core extracts resources.

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CULTURE HYBRIDIZATION

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blending of 2 or more cultures, producing a third culture or specific behavior that exhibits traits from both cultural parents

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CULTURAL NATIONALISM

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A process of protecting, either formally or informally, the primacy of a specific cultural system against influences from another culture.

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CULTURAL IMPERIALISM

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active promotion of one cultural system over another, such as the implantation of a new language, school system, or bureaucracy.

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TWO TYPES OF DIVERSITY?

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Diversity over Space--what geographers call \"areal differentiation\" or, why different world regions differ (culture & history). Diversity over Time--or, the past is not a perfect guide to the future (although we should not ignore it!) Much of the success of leaders such as FDR & Churchill came from knowing history--failure of Hitler and Lenin for thinking they could reinvent it.

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ADVANTAGES OF GLOBALIZATION?

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Globalization is logical expression of capitalism Removing trade barriers increases efficiency, spreads new technology and ideas Free flow of capital will enhance global economic wealth World's poorer countries will catch up through globalization

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DISADVANTAGES OF GLOBALIZATION?

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Today's core, developed countries did not use globalization's free-market economic model to foster their own development Globalization creates greater inequalities It promotes free-market, export-oriented economies, at the expense of local, indigenous economies Spreads undesirable things (diseases, crime, harmful flora and fauna)

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WHAT DEFINES A REGION?

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Part physical, part human geography Physical regions at this scale largely defined by plate tectonics Some physical regions climatic, others based on vegetation--at sub-tectonic level Part economic, part cultural geography Part legal, part illegal trade Part political (internal), part geopolitical (external)

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GEOPOLITICS

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term that describes the close link between geography and political activity Focuses on the interaction between power, territory, and space at all scales

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STATE

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a political unit with territorial boundaries recognized by other countries and internally governed by an organizational structure

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NATION

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a large group of people who share many cultural elements (e.g.: language, religion, cultural identity) and view themselves as a single political community -- NATIONALISM

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RNI

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annual growth rate for a country or region as a percentage increase (annual # of births) - (annual number of deaths) = RNI Current world RNI is 1.3% per year

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CBR

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total number of births divided by the total population, giving a figure per 1,000 of the population; world CBR is 22 per 1,000

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CDR

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total number of deaths divided by the total population, giving a figure per 1,000 of the population; world CDR is 9 per 1,000

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TFR

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the average number of children born by a statistically average woman (world average - 2.8; 1.4 - Europe; 5.2 - Africa) 2.1 is the replacement rate Percentage of population under age 15 Signals future rapid population growth Percentage of population over age 65 Older people need more health care, social security from younger workers

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PUSH FACTOR

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negative conditions that drive people from a location Cultural oppression, war, unemployment, natural disasters

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PULL FACTOR

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favorable conditions at a destination that attract people

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INDICATORS OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

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Life expectancy: average length of life expected at birth for a hypothetical male or female, as based on national death statistics Mortality rate under 5 years: measure of the number of children who die per 1,000 persons Infant mortality rate: # children per 1000 die before age 1. Adult illiteracy rates: percentage of a society's males and females who cannot read Female labor force participation: percentage of a nation's labor force that is female

Globalization geography chapter one

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