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Ethics

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Code of moral principles and values that governs the behaviors of a person or group with respect to what is right or wrong.

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Ethical Dilemma

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arises in a situation concerning right or wrong when values are in conflict. Right and wrong cannot be clearly defined.

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Moral Agent

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Individual that must make an ethical choice in an organization.

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Utilitarian Approach

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holds that moral behavior produces the greatest good for the greatest number.

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Individualism Approach

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contends that acts are moral when they promote the individual's best long-term interests

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Moral Rights Approach

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asserts that human beings have fundamental rights and liberties that cannot be taken away by an individual's decision.

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Justice Approach

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holds that moral decisions must be based on the standards of equity, fairness, and impartiality.

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Distributive Justice

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requires that different treatment of people not be based on arbitrary characteristics.

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Procedural Justice

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requires that rules be administered fairly.

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Compensatory Justice

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argues that individuals should be compensated for the cost of their injuries by the party responsible

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Virtue Ethics Approach

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states moral behavior stems from personal virtues.

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Practical Approach

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rather than focusing on the right, moral or good decision it accounts for all parties involved and bases decisions on prevailing standards of the profession and the largest society.

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Corporate Social Responsibility

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management's obligation to make choices and take actions that will contribute to the welfare and interests of society as well as the organization.

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Stakeholder

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any group within or outside the organization that has a stake in the organizations performance.

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Sustainability

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refers to economic development that generates wealth and meets the needs of the current generation while saving the environment so future generations can meet their needs as well.

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Discretionary Responsibility

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is purely voluntary and is guided by a company's desire to make social contributions not mandated by economics, law, or ethics.

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Code of Ethics

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formal statement of the company's values concerning ethics and social issues; it communicates to employees what the company stands for

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Ethics Committee

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a group of executives appointed to oversee company ethics

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Chief Ethics Officer

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Company executive who oversees all aspects of ethics and legal compliance.

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Ethic Training

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programs that help employees deal with ethical questions and translate the values stated in a code of ethics into everyday behavior.

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Whistle Blowing

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employee disclosure of illegal, unethical, or illegitimate practices on the employer's part

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Euphemistic Language

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practice of describing unethical acts using inoffensive terms or code words.

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Domain of certified law Domain of ethics Domain of free choice

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Human behavior falls into 3 categories

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Legal standard

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Domain of certified law

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social standard

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Domain of ethics

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personal standard

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Domain of free choice

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result in ignoring the individual's rights.

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In the utilitarian approach going with the common good can

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we aren't good at judging consequences over the long haul.

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Problem with individualism approach is that

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1. The right of free consent 2. The right to privacy 3. The right to freedom of conscience 4. The right of free speech 5. The right to due process 6. The right to life and safety

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\"Moral Rights\" considerations

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• Impartial of all parties • Mostly used for Human Resource decisions

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Justice approach is

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do not appear to be unethical to themselves

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• Individuals engage in self-deception or \"rationalizing tactics\" which allow them to describe their actions in a way which

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Denial of responsibility

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individual perceives that they have no other choice than to participate in unethical acts

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Denial of injury

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no one is harmed by the individual's acts so they are not really unethical

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Denial of victim

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individual's argue that the injured party deserved whatever happened

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Social weighting

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Individuals diminish the importance of unethical acts by either 1) condemning the critic or 2) making selective social comparisons.

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Appeal to high loyalties

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Individuals argue that ethics must be ignored to fulfill more important goals

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Metaphor of the ledger

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good works have earned a credit to offset unethical acts

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Co-optation

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Rewards are used to soften attitudes toward unethical behavior

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Incrementalism

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Newcomers are gradually introduced to unethical acts.

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Compromise

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Newcomers \"back into\" unethical acts in an effort to resolve organizational dilemmas or role conflicts

MNGT CH4: Ethical Issues Flashcards

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