question

Pretests provide an alternative to a comparison group in quasi-experiments: is this statement about the value of pretests in experiments accurate or not accurate?

answer

Accurate

question

A __________fares better in achieving generalizability than a true experiment.

answer

Quasi-experiment

question

Time series design: Does this before-and-after design qualifies or does not qualify as a quasi-experimental design?

answer

Does Qualify

question

When experimental group members change because they feel special simply for being in the experiment, they are experiencing the_________:

answer

Hawthorne effect

question

The design components of a true experiment make it difficult to achieve:

answer

Sample generalizability

question

When matching is used to assign subjects to an experimental and a comparison group, the resulting research design is _______________ by the possibility of additional differences between the groups

answer

Weakened

question

One concern of experimental programs is when control groups believe they have received a treatment and act accordingly, which is known as the __________.

answer

placebo effect

question

Both fixed-sample panel and repeated measures panel designs: Does this before-and-after design qualifies or does not qualify as a quasi-experimental design?

answer

Does Qualify

question

____________ in experimental research removes the operation of systematic bias from the assignment process

answer

Randomization

question

Nonequivalent control group and Ex-post facto control group designs are examples of:

answer

Comparison groups

question

Pretests provide a direct measure of change over time: is this statement about the value of pretests in experiments accurate or not accurate?

answer

Accurate

question

Selection bias, External events, Contamination, and Endogenous change are source of

answer

Internal invalidity

question

Random assignment _________was present or not present in Colbert, Paternoster, and Bushway's (2002) experiment on the effects of legal counsel at detainees' bail hearings?

answer

Present

question

_________ is when either the experimental group or the comparison group is aware of the other group and is influenced in the posttest as a result.

answer

Contamination

question

Multiple group before-and-after design: Does this before-and-after design qualifies or does not qualify as a quasi-experimental design?

answer

Does Qualify

question

The features of experimental designs that make them so useful for establishing causation:

answer

Reduce the sample generalizability of a study

question

Random assignment, Control group, and Pretest and are required or not required for a true experiment.

answer

Required

question

The __________ occurs when a subject or group of subjects changes their behavior due to the fact that they are being observed.

answer

Hawthorne effect

question

Experiments often use volunteers as subjects and are conducted in carefully controlled settings. This is likely to have the consequence of:

answer

Increasing causal validity and decreasing generalizability

question

Multiple pretest and post-test measures are valuable in before-and-after designs because they decrease the possibility of internal invalidity due to:

answer

External events

question

A randomized field experiment is designed to test the usefulness of a new DNA test for solving crimes. Not using this new DNA test to solve crimes during the experiment may be ethically justifiable when:

answer

Citizens do not know about the new DNA test

question

Repeated measures panel design: Does this before-and-after design qualifies or does not qualify as a quasi-experimental design?

answer

Does Qualify

question

A randomly assigned comparison group can provide a good estimate of the __________.

answer

Counter factual

question

The pretest must occur the same length of time before treatment as the posttest occurs after treatment: is this a requirement or not a requirement for the pretest in an experiment?

answer

Not a Requirement

question

The key feature of a quasi-experimental design that distinguishes it from a nonexperimental design is a comparison group ____________ to the treatment group in critical ways.

answer

Comparable

question

______________designs have a pretest and a posttest but no comparison group.

answer

Before-and-after

question

The __________ design can overcome the interaction of testing and treatment to increase external validity.

answer

Solomon four-group

question

In an experiment, the group of subjects that receives the treatment or experimental manipulation is the __________.

answer

experimental group

question

Pretest _________was present or not present in Colbert, Paternoster, and Bushway's (2002) experiment on the effects of legal counsel at detainees' bail hearings?

answer

Not present

question

Random assignment reduces the risk of selection bias but does not eliminate it. The risk remains because of __________________.

answer

chance/external attrition

question

The pretest must be given only to the comparison group, not to the experimental group: is this a requirement or not a requirement for the pretest in an experiment?

answer

Not a Requirement

question

Experimental and control groups _________was present or not present in Colbert, Paternoster, and Bushway's (2002) experiment on the effects of legal counsel at detainees' bail hearings?

answer

Present

question

___________assignment eliminates systematic bias.

answer

Random

question

The reason that ex-post facto control group design should be considered nonexperimental rather than quasi-experimental is that: People may __________ ___________ for participation in the treatment group

answer

Select themselves

question

A researcher conducts a study on the effectiveness of a new prisoner rehabilitation program. All of the elements of an experiment are present except that the groups were not randomly assigned. This study is an example of a/an:

answer

Nonequivalent control group design

question

Pretests permit verification of successful randomization: is this statement about the value of pretests in experiments accurate or not accurate?

answer

Accurate

question

Even when random assignment works, groups can differ over time because of __________.

answer

Differential attrition

question

When members of the treatment group change because their participation in the study makes them feel special is referred to as:

answer

A Hawthorne effect

question

Post test _________was present or not present in Colbert, Paternoster, and Bushway's (2002) experiment on the effects of legal counsel at detainees' bail hearings?

answer

Present

question

Pretests provide a picture of the conditions in which the intervention had an effect: is this statement about the value of pretests in experiments accurate or not accurate?

answer

Accurate

question

Treatment _________was present or not present in Colbert, Paternoster, and Bushway's (2002) experiment on the effects of legal counsel at detainees' bail hearings?

answer

Present

question

The pretest cannot refer to the treatment to be tested: is this a requirement or not a requirement for the pretest in an experiment?

answer

Not a Requirement

question

A time series (repeated measures) design is a type of:

answer

Before-and-after

question

__________ can cause groups to differ over time.

answer

Attrition

question

The ________________ is the outcome that would have occurred if the subjects had not been exposed to the treatment, but had otherwise equal experiences.

answer

Counterfactual

question

__________________ is the extent to which a treatment effect (or noneffect) is applicable across subgroups within an experiment and/or across different populations or times or settings.

answer

external validity

question

In the __________________ design, the groups are not created by random assignment and are designated after the treatment or intervention has occurred.

answer

ex-post facto control group

question

Since social programs are delivered by human beings, ___________ can be very difficult to control.

answer

Expectancy effects

question

Causal validity is threatened by __________________ when variation in the treatment is associated with variation in the observed outcome, but the change occurs through a process that the research has not identified.

answer

treatment misidentification

question

How do randomization and random sampling differ?

answer

In increasing causal validity or generalizability

question

__________ surveys maximize generalizability.

answer

factorial

question

Randomization in an experimental design allows for much stronger evidence of _____________ than is the case in nonexperimental designs.

answer

Nonspuriousness

question

An experiment's ability to yield valid conclusions about _________is determined by the comparability of its experimental and comparison groups

answer

Causal effects

question

Causal validity is also known as __________.

answer

internal validity

question

If Matthew scores very low on the pretest but improves on the posttest, his change in scores may be due to a ____________ effect instead of a treatment effect.

answer

Regression

question

Pretests provide a required baseline picture for identifying treatment outcomes: is this statement about the value of pretests in experiments accurate or not accurate?

answer

Not accurate

question

The more carefully controlled the conditions are for the experimental and comparison groups, the less likely it becomes that ____________ will invalidate the causal conclusions of an experiment.

answer

External events

question

In the process of conducting an experiment, a researcher administers a survey before the treatment is applied, in order to provide a baseline against which to judge the results. This survey is a:

answer

Pretest

question

Testing, Maturation, and Regression are examples of _________ changes with specific threat to internal validity.

answer

Endogenous

question

The best alternative to an experimental design is a __________ design.

answer

quasi-experimental

question

Fixed-sample panel design: Does this before-and-after design qualifies or does not qualify as a quasi-experimental design?

answer

Does not qualify

question

If the results from a study can be successfully applied to the population at large, the study has __________.

answer

generalizability

question

Double-blind procedures are often used to hide the expectations of the experimenters in order to prevent a form of bias known as the __________.

answer

self-fulfilling prophecy

question

The pretest must be the same as the posttest: is this a requirement or not a requirement for the pretest in an experiment?

answer

Requirement

question

As a general rule, _______ experimental research design is best able to produce results with strong internal validity but weaker generalizability?

answer

True

question

The threat of testing as a source of internal invalidity in experiments occurs when there is

answer

A pretest but not a comparison group

question

Before-and-after designs are distinguished from other quasi-experimental designs by the absence of a:

answer

Traditional comparison group

question

A researcher conducts an experiment in which she does not know which participants receive the treatment program and which receive the control program. This is an example of:

answer

A double-blind procedure

question

A worthwhile, conservative strategy for minimizing the possibility of invalid causal conclusions due to differential attrition is basing the outcome analysis on:

answer

Comparing all subjects initially assigned to each condition

question

The key feature of an experimental design that distinguishes it from a quasi-experimental design is the:

answer

Random assignment to two or more groups

question

_________ ____________ is a potential source of internal invalidity when subjects develop during the experiment as part of an ongoing process independent of the treatment

answer

Endogenous change

Research seminar 7 Experimental designs

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards