Ch 7 Test: Classification of Living things
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classification
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is the process of arranging organisms into groups based on similarities.
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taxonomy
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is the science of naming and classifying organisms.
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2 reasons for taxonomy
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Avoid scientists giving 1 organism multiple names. Make communication between international scientists easier (no language barriers)
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Physical Evidence for Classification includes...
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internal structure (bones), outward appearances, how an organism may have lived, moved, or what it ate.
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Genetic Evidence for Classification
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comparing DNA of different organisms for similarities, USUALLY supports physical evidence BUT NOT ALWAYS (ie Red panda)
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Carolus Linnaeus
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Developed a taxonomy referred to as binomial nomenclature by classifying and naming over 4000 plants and animals
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Binomial Nomenclature
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Is a system of taxonomy involving TWO scientific names
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4 rules for binomial nomenclature
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1 In Latin 2 In Italics 3 Only first word capitalized 4 Contains the genus and then the species name
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order of levels of classification (most to least diverse)
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Kingdom, phyllum, class, order, family, genus & species
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order of levels of classification (least to most diverse)
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species, genus, family, order, class, phyllum, Kingdom
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Trick to remembering levels in order...
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Kids Pick Candy Over Fancy Green Salads
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Dichotomous Key
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Series of detailed questions with only 2 possible answers which help to identify organisms
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Field Guide
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Book or booklet which help to identify organisms using characteristics and pictures
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animal kingdom
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Kingdom of organisms that have many eukaryotic cells; may be vertebrates or invertebrates; cannot make own food, so must eat other plants and animals in environment
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plant kingdom
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The Plant Kingdom is made up of organisms that can perform photosynthesis to make food. Characteristics of the Plant Kingdom: multicellular, eukaryotic, and mostly green in color.
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fungus kingdom
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A kingdom of mostly multicellular organisms that obtain energy by breaking down substances in their surroundings and absorbing them. Characteristics are mostly multicellular, & eukaryotic
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ex of fungi
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mushrooms, bread mold (Multicellular) yeast (unicellular)
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ex of plant
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Tree, sunflower, roses, moss
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ex of animals
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humans, dogs, cats, bee, fly
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protist kingdom
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unicellular kingdom, reproduce through mitosis, hundreds time larger then bacteria, eat bacteria
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ex of protist
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ameoba, algae, protozoa, move by cillia and flagella, can cause disease like Malaria
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bacteria kingdom
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uni-cellular organisms that can live almost everywhere, have been around for 3.5 mil years, very simple, no organelles only DNA, reproduce by binary fission, come in three shapes: rod, round, spiral, can be harmful or helpful
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examples of bacteria
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streptococcal pharyngitis, bacterial pneumonia, clostridium botulinum infection, TB
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archaea kingdom
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unicellular prokaryotes that frequently live in oxygen-deficient environments and are often adapted to living in harsh conditions (hot springs, salt ponds, and hydrothermal vents)
