Film Studies- Nebraska Christian College
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Silent Film Era Dates
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1894-1929
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Inter-titles
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narrated story points, key dialogue, & maybe comment
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Continuity Editing
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A style of editing marked by its emphasis on maintaining the continuous and seemingly uninterrupted flow of action in a story.
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First Sound Film and Date
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Jazz Singer - October 1927
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First Film with an Original Score
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The Birth of a Nation (Dec. 1908)
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Film that first defined Hollywood Style
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Breathless (A Bout de Souffle) (France, 1960)
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Eye-line matching
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A term used to point to the continuity editing practice ensuring the logic of the look or gaze.
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Dates of Golden Age
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1927-1963
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Vertical Integration
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Merger of companies at different stages of production and/or distribution in the same industry.
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Auteur
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A filmmaker who's individual style and control give the film its personal stamp.
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U.S vs. Paramount
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1948
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The Big Five
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1927-1928 Warner Bros., Paramount 20th Century Fox Loew's (MGM) RKO (Radio-Keith-Orpheum)
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Paramount Case
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The studios were made to sign consent decrees that would end the practice of block booking by requiring that all films be sold on an individual basis. They were also required to divest themselves of their own theater chains. With this decision, independent producers could finally begin to compete with the major studios for audiences and actors, marking the beginning of the end for the Hollywood studio system.
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Studio System
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A means of film production and distribution dominant in Hollywood from the early 1920s through the early 1960s. The term studio system refers to the practice of large motion picture studios (a) producing movies primarily on their own filmmaking lots with creative personnel under often long-term contract and (b) pursuing vertical integration through ownership or effective control of distributors and movie theaters.
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8 Classical Film Genres
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Westerners Gangster Musicals Screwball Comedy Melodrama Film Noir Science Fiction Epics
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Motion Picture Production Code
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(Hays Code) 1. No picture shall be produced that will lower the moral standards of those who see it. Hence the sympathy of the audience should never be thrown to the side of crime, wrongdoing, evil or sin. 2. Correct standards of life, subject only to the requirements of drama and entertainment, shall be presented. 3. Law, natural or human, shall not be ridiculed, nor shall sympathy be created for its violation.
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The Little Three's
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Universal Columbia and United Artists
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What ended the Golden Age?
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Struggling independent movie producers and exhibitors finally triumphed in their battle against the big studios' monopolistic behavior
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Subjective Camera
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Shows what a character is looking at - "point of view shot"
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Dates for French New Wave Film
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late 50's and 60's
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Big 6 Hollywood Studios
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20th Century Fox Warner Bros Paramount Pictures Columbia Pictures Universal Pictures Walt Disney Pictures
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6 Parts of Classic Hollywood narration
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narrative follows building blocks that are part and parcel of most Western narratives such as events, actors and agents, linear chains of cause and effect, main point and secondary points. clearly structured with discernable beginning middle and end generally provides comprehensive resolution at the end characters goals are usually psychologically rather than socially motivated
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Diegetic vs. Non-Diegetic
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happening in the scene & sounds that have been added in
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Key New Wave films (dates)
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Les Quatre Cents Coups (1959) A Bout De Souffle (1960) Les Bonnes Femmes (1960)
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Narrative vs. Narration
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The act of recounting or relating in order the particulars of some action, occurrence, or affair & the telling of a story
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7 parts of narration
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Plot Setting Atmosphere Character Theme Point of View Literary Devices
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Why did new film styles develop?
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To match with new techniques
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Key New Wave Directors
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Chris Marker Alain Resnais Agnas Varda
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Great Train Robbery
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1903 American silent short Western film written, produced, and directed by Edwin S. Porter ten minutes long considered a milestone in film making
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Star System
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Grew from 1909-1920 As motion pictures grew - the audience grew - the actors became more vital 1911- first publication for fans idols had to appear simultaneously identifiable and close enough to be attainable, yet idealized and far away enough to seem flawless 1912- commercials and advertisements Onscreen techniques also continued to alter the relationship between viewer and subject, positioning the stars as the ultimate fantasy
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3 point lighting
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used to focus on the star
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What driving forces made the star system?
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Jan 1909- Kalem production sent post cards April 1909- A magazine profiled an actor 1910- publicity stunt 1911- first magazine for fans 1912- advertisements and ads
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off-screen persona to help develop a star
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publicity departments designed to create and broadcast a personality for a given actor; onscreen, filming techniques were developed to make the actor more desirable and easier to identify with.
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Theda Bara
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By the time of her debut in 1915, movie mogul William Fox had sent out voluminous material detailing how her name was an anagram for "Arab Death" and declaring that she shared an astrological sign with Cleopatra. Her reputation as a vamp, derived from the idea of sexual vampirism, was cemented with each of her femme fatale film roles. This tradition of continually casting an actor in similar roles in order to reinforce a particular image continues today
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What elements caused the death of the star system?
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1930s-1950s growing suspicion among actors that a system more like being a free agent would be more personally beneficial to them than the fussy
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What is the oldest genre of film?
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Comedy
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Define Comedy
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refers to any discourse or work generally intended to be humorous or to amuse by inducing laughter
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Who founded American Comedy?
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Mark Sennett
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The Keystone Cops
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Sennett produced the films about fictional incompetent policemen - 1912 and 1917
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Mack Sennett - career-influence
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(1880-1960), a partner of Thomas Ince and D. W. Griffith in Triangle Film Company helped found the American studio system founded silent film comedy Between 1913 and 1935 he produced hundreds of feature-length pictures and thousands of one and two-reel films creating a new genre, the silent slapstick comedy. "King of Comedy." His short "Wrestling Swordfish" won the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film in 1932 and he earned an Academy Honorary Award in 1937.The popularity of his Keystone comedies played a key role in American cinema dominating the world after World War I
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What ended his career?
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bankruptcy in 1935
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5 tools of Comedy
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1. Winning 2. Non-Hero 3. Positive Action 4. Active Emotion 5. Metaphorical Relationship
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Carl Reiner's Career
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A typical rise to success can be illustrated by Carl Reiner. In 1959, Reiner developed a television pilot, Head of the Family, based on his experience on the Sid Caesar Show. However, the network didn't like Reiner in the lead role. In 1961, it was recast and retitled The Dick Van Dyke Show, and became an iconic series, making stars of his lead actors Dick Van Dyke and Mary Tyler Moore. In addition to writing many of the episodes, Reiner occasionally appeared as temperamental show host. Reiner began his directing career on the Dick Van Dyke Show. After that show ended, Reiner's first film feature was an adaptation of Joseph Stein's play Enter Laughing (1967), which in turn was based on Reiner's semi-autobiographical 1958 novel of the same name. He continues to balance writing, directing, producing, and acting
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How is comedy today?
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the live-action comedy film has entered a period of severe decline, with studios green-lighting far fewer of them each year.
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Who was the first comedy star?
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Mabel Normand
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Dates for American Comedy
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1894-Present
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8 Comedy genres
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1. Slapstick 2. Fish out of water 3. Parody or Spoof 4. Anarchic 5. Black 6. Gross-out 7. Romantic-Comedy 8. Action Comedy
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Mabel Normand
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Sennett's first comedienne(female comedian)
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Comedy of Manners
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satirizes the manners and affectations of a social class, often represented by stock characters. The plot of the comedy is often concerned with love and often a scandal, such as a false accusation of unfaithfulness. But, the plot usually mostly serves its witty dialogue.
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3 Techniques of Comedy
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1. Repetition 2. Pun 3. Slapstick
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Define Slapstick Comedy
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The term slapstick was taken from the wooden sticks that clowns slapped together to promote audience applause. Slapstick films involve aggressive, physical and visual action, including harmless or painless cruelty and violence, horseplay, and often vulgar sight gags. Slapstick often required exquisite timing and well-honed performance skills.
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What has led to comedy's latest trend?
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Less americans are going to the movies and if they are comedy isn't the go to movie genre.
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180-degree rule
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is a basic guideline regarding the on-screen spatial relationship between a character and another character or object within a scene
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mise-en-scene
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the arrangement of scenery and stage properties in a play
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What is the basic unit of poetry?
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meter (iamb)
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Establishing shot
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usually the first shot of a new scene, designed to show the audience where the action is taking place. It is usually a very wide shot or extreme wide shot.
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Films -Dates- Directors- Key traits of said Directors
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Mr Smith goes to Washington-1939-Frank Capra Its a wonderful life -1946-Frank Capra Amistad-1997-Steven Spielburg Princess Bride -1987-Rob Reiner Frank Capra: one of America's most influential directors during the 1930s, winning three Oscars as Best Director. Steven Spielburg: track in shots- sideways tracking shots- sideways tracking shot with actor approaching camera at the end- dramatic over the shoulder shots - actor approaches camera for close up shot- super close over the should shots Rob Reiner: he was all over several genres, and dabbled in everything. He is known for Stand by Me and Harry Met Sally. Son of Carl Reiner.
