BIO201 Anatomy and Physiology Paradise Valley Community College Test 1 Terms
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Apical
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Detonating location towards or on the surface.
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Basal
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Detonating location away from the surface.
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Simple squamous epithelium
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A single layer of flat cells in contact with the basal lamina of the epithelium. Is relatively permeable to facilitate gas exchange and filtration.
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Simple cuboidal epithelium
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A single layer of cube shaped cells that is more resilient than squamous cells.
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Simple columnar epithelium
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A single layer of column shaped cells that is often found in the lining of the lower half of the gastrointestinal system often associated with microvili to increase surface area.
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Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
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Multiple layers of squamous cells where the apical layer of cells are dead and filled with the protein keratin. Found in the epidermis. Always de-nucleated.
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Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
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Multiple layers of living cells consisting of basal cuboidal cells and apical squamous cells. Provides protection of underlying tissue; cells must be kept moist. Found in vagina, anus, and oropharynx and nasopharynx.
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Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
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A single layer of ciliated columnar epithelial cells that, due to positioning and nucli location appear to be multi layered. Found mainly in the esophagus and move phlegm cranially for expulsion.
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Transitional epithelium
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A type of cuboidal epithelium (typically) that accommodates stretching, pulling, and rotation of the organ such as the bladder.
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Goblet Cells
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Cells found mainly in the respiratory tract that secrete the main component of mucus.
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Cilia
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Located on the surface of cells and provides propulsion and movement of substances along the cellular surface or epithelium in cooperation with neighboring cells.
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Lumen
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The central space within a tube shaped body part or organ, such as a blood vessel or the intestine.
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Microvili
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Increase surface area of certain cells and allow for expedited absorption.
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Fibroblast
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An immature cell found in connective tissue that produces collagen and other fibers.
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Collagen
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The main structural protein found in animal connective tissue.
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Elastic fibers
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Bundles of proteins (elastin) found in extracellular matrix of connective tissue and produced by fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells in arteries.
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Areolar Tissue
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Tissue comprised of collagen and elastic fibers loosely connected with ground substance.
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Adipose Tissue
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Tissue composed mainly of adipoecytes, cells that are largerly made of lipids.
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Reticular Tissue
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A network of type III collagen fibers.
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Regular dense connective tissue
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provides connection between different tissues in the body. The collagen fibers in dense regular connective tissue are bundled in a parallel fashion. elastic and reticular fibers are completely absent.
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Irregular dense connective tissue
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Composes a large portion of the dermis similar to regular dense tissue less the structural orientation.
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Hyaline cartilage
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A type of cartilage found around joints and in immature skeletons.
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Elastic cartilage
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Yellow cartilage is present in the Eustachian tube, epiglottis and outer ear, the main protein is elastin.
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Fibrocartilage
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Consists of fibrous bundles of collagen, found in the intervertebral disks of the spinal cord.
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Osteon
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Also known as haversian system and is the fundamental functional unit of much compact bone. Are roughly cylindrical structures.
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Haversian canal
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the center of the osteon
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Osteocyte
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A bone cell
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lacuna
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the space in between osteocytes
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periosteum
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a dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones except at the surfaces of the joints
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Volkman's canal
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The perforating canals provide energy and nourishing elements for osteons.
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Smooth Muscle
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Involuntary muscle fibers found in the GI system and blood vessels.
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Skeletal muscle
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multi-nucleated voluntary muscle fibers that are under conscious control.
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Cardiac Muscle
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Muscle found exclusively in the heart that is connected and communicates with neighboring cells via intercalated disks.
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Giant Multipolar neuron
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stereotypical neuron consisting of cell body, axon, and dendrites
