Music Appreciation – Unit 2 Ventura College
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Ethnicity
answer
Definition: Groups bound by shared identify and common ancestry * Central to sense of self, home, and community * But Ethnic boundaries are not easy to delineate * Distinctions between ethnicity and race not always a clear * Music is one expression of ethnic identify
question
The Jalolu: Musician/Historians of West Africa
answer
Mandinka People - Ethnic group of 11 million people across West Africa * Common ancestry , language, and tradictions shared throught oral history performed by jalolu. * Jalolu music is charactized by call and response: solo/chorus song style.
question
Jali ( pl.:jalolu,FR.:griot)
answer
Singer, poet, instrumentalist, storyteller
question
Jalolu Characteristic
answer
Instruments * Kora *Balafon * Ngoni *Bolon
question
Categories of Kora playing
answer
Kumbengo Birimintigo
question
Ngoni
answer
five-stringed lute
question
Two Styles of singing
answer
Donkilo Sataro
question
"Ketefaba'' and " Kuruntu Kelafa'' ( Medley)
answer
Foday Musa Suso
question
The African Diaspora ' The Blues'
answer
* Roots of the blues *African influences
question
Roots of the blues
answer
African American work song, field hollers and spirituals
question
Standard 12-Bar Blues Form
answer
- Consists of Three , 4-bar sections for each stanza of lyrics - Lyrics or Melodic Form
question
African influences
answer
- Social Values - Musical Style -Jalolu/Kora Tradition - " Storytelling genre "
question
Standard 12-bar Blues Form *LYRIC MELODIC FORM
answer
* First line * First Line Repeated * Second contrasting or rhyming line * AAB
question
'Country Blues' or ' Delta Blues'
answer
One man and a guitar
question
" Crossroads'
answer
Cream with Eric Clapton
question
" Crossroads''
answer
John Mayer
question
" Cross Road Blues"
answer
Robert Johnson 'Country Blues' or ' Delta Blues' - one man and a guitar
question
Ethnicity in American Popular Song - Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington (1899-1974)
answer
- One of America's greatest composers - Wrote more than 3,000 works - Compositions reflected African American heritage - Led prestigious,namesake jazz orchestra for 50 years - Helped revolutionize American music - Successfully composed in all genres of the time - " Caravan" - listening example see pages 43-44
question
Bela Bartok (1881-1945)
answer
- Hungarian pianist, composer, scholar of folk music - Hungarian ethnic ( folk music) in context of Western European art music - " Allegro Barbaro" for solo piano (1911) - Aggressive dissonances - Harmonies,scales,rhythmic patterns of folk music
question
Understanding Center
answer
* Gender roles are learned * Gender roles are constantly evolving * Gender is performed
question
Strong Masculine Focus - Bo Diddley
answer
"I'm a Man" (1955)
question
Strong Feminine Focus - Helen Reddy
answer
" I am woman"
question
Identity and ethnicity in 20th - Century Europe - * Maurice Ravel * (1875-1937)
answer
- Basque, Swiss, French and Spanish ethnic heritage - Influenced by the " Exotic" at 1889 Exposition Universelle, Paris
question
Identity and ethnicity in 20th - Century Europe - " Habanera " from Rapsodie espagnol ( 1907 -08)
answer
- Non-European imagery in Orchestration and timbre choices - Afro-Cuban rhythms
question
Gender in Popular Music
answer
- Popolar music perfomance - Early rock " n " roll dominated by white males - " Girl groups " in 1960s
question
Understanding Center - Gender is performed
answer
* choices of clothing * Body stance *Speech *Gesture
question
Understanding Center - Perceptions of gender in Music
answer
*Reflections of cultural ideals *Ex. String and woodwinds as " gentle feminine" *Ex. Brass and percussion as " Brawny masculine" *Women excluded from: - Instruments/ensembles in some rituals - Compositions activities
question
Gender in Popular Music - Popular music performance
answer
* both rural and visual * Early rock 'n' roll dominited by white male
question
" Girls groups" in 1960s
answer
- Diminutive names: Bobettes, Ronettes, ects - Song lyrics perpetuated restrictive gender roles
question
Aretha Franklin
answer
- Gospel, Soul singer - History of " respect" - Composed and recorded by Otis Redding in 1965 - Defensive male perspective: disillusionment with infidelity - Recorded by Aretha Franklin in 1967 - Strong female perspective: demands respects, no infidelity -
question
" Respect" Otis redding (1965)
answer
- Original Recording - Focus on - infidelity - disillusionment - bad love affair
question
" respect" Aretha Franklin (1967)
answer
- Aretha's cover - Focus on: Financial independence, and Domestic authority
question
Androgyny in 1970's Glam Rock
answer
- Male performers in makup, jewelry, platform shoes. - Gender ambiguity for shock value, redefining " SEXY" - Elvis Presley (1935 -77): Hyper-masculine or effeminate? - David Bowie ( b.1947): androgyny as exotic?
question
Opera
answer
- A drama that is sung, - Libretto often reflects stereotyped gender roles - Music may enhance aspects of character's role - Siegfried by Richard Wagner Act II/Scene 2 - Expanded orchestral forces, harmonies - Leitmotives tell story +Horn call ( Siegfried Leitmotive) * Tonally stable * Represents youth, bravery - Chromatic, low brass ( Father/ dragon Leitmotive) * Tonally unstable * Represents brutally, danger
question
Gender Confusion in Opera - Gender ideals change in history Boy soprano voice
answer
Castro singing famales roles
question
Gender Confusion in Opera - Countertenors
answer
Male voices sing females roles in falsetto
question
Gender Confusion in Opera - Pants roles
answer
- Females perfom male roles - Cross-gender humor
question
Marriage of Figaro - Composed by Wolgang Amadeus Mozart ( 1786)
answer
" Non so piu cosa son," Act 1 - Cherubino: Pants role * Adolescent male character sung by female soprano - Syncopated rhythms, fast tempo represent * Adolescent hormones * Racing heartbeat * Volatile emotions
question
Gender focus in Music - Sensitive listening reveals
answer
- Emotional power of music through projections of gender - Personal/social identify of composers, perfomers in their music - Reinforce social constructs - Ambiguities challenging social norms
question
Gender focus in Music
answer
- Sensitive listening reveals - Can sexual orientation, know or unknown, have an effect on the music? yes, lyrical content
question
"What's Going on?"
answer
Marvin Gaye (1971)
question
" What The World Needs Now"
answer
Luther Vandross
question
" You've Got A Friend"
answer
Carole King
question
Music Spiritually - Music used to enhance spiritual experience - Different religious traditions
answer
* Music used to quiet mind and body * Music used to excite mind and body * Focus may be on words or melody or rhythm
question
" Amazinf Grace"
answer
* Musical testament to Christian doctrine of salvation * Text written by John Newton ( 1725 - 1807) * Melody from pre-exinting tune: " New Britain" Compare and contrast different version
question
" Amazing Grace" Example # 1
answer
Bernice Johnson Reagon
question
" Amazing Grace" Example # 2
answer
Robert Shaw Festival Singers
question
" Amazing Grace" Example # 3
answer
Old Harp SIngers of Easteern Tennessee
question
Music in the Early Christian Church: Medieval Period
answer
* Plainchant * Intend to connect singers with the sacred * Sung in Latin * Composed anonymously, oral tradition * Monophonic textured * Rhythmically free (non-metric) * Mostly step-wise (conjunct) melodic contours
question
Music in the Early Christian Church: Medieval Period
answer
* Plainchant *Intended to connect singers with the sacred *Sung in Latin *Composed anonymously, oral tradition *Monophonic texture *Rhythmically free ( non-metric) *Mostly step-wise (conjunct) melodic contours
question
Liturgy
answer
* Set order of church services * Divine Offices * Mass
question
Liturgy DIVINE OFFICES
answer
Services celebrated at various hours of the day in monasteries and convents.
question
Liturgy MASS
answer
- A reenactment of the Last Supper
question
Liturgy - Mass - PROPER
answer
text vary from day to day
question
Liturgy - Mass - ORDINARY
answer
texts remain the same *Kyrie *Gloria *Credo *Sanctus *Agnus Dei
question
Plainchant: Kyrie eleison from Missa 'cum jubilo'
answer
* Free, flowing rhythms: without meter * Conjunct melodic contour * Words sung in melismatic style *Many pitches for a single syllable *Three sections
question
Plainchant: Kyrie eleison from Missa 'cum jubilo' - MANY PITCHES FOR A SINGLE SYLLABLE
answer
- Melismas allow for assimilation of spiritual message
question
Plainchant: Kyrie eleison from Missa 'cum jubilo' - THREE SECTIONS
answer
1. Kyrie eleison, 2. Christe eleison, 3. Kyrie eleison
question
kyrie from the Pope Marcellas Mass by Giovanni Pierluigi da Palentrina
answer
* Six independent voice parts * Matrical rhythms give sense of forward motion * Three sections
question
kyrie from the Pope Marcellas Mass by Giovanni Pierluigi da Palentrina SIX INDEPENDENT VOUCE PARTS
answer
* Soprano, Alto, Tenor I, Tenor II, Bass I and Bass II * Sung a CAPPELLA
question
Music of the Protestant Reformation
answer
* Martin luther King (1438 - 1546) * Began Protenstant Reformation with " Ninety-five Theses" * Wrote chorales to replace plainchant in Lutheran worship * Chorales * Tunes from Catolic tradiction or secular music * Chorales combined into hymnals
question
Music of the Protestant Reformation - BEGNA PROTENSTANT REFORMANTION WITH " NINETY-FIVE THESE'
answer
A document criticizing Catholic policies and behavior
question
Music of the Protestant reformantion - CHORALES
answer
- Strophic songs with singable tunes - Sung by congregation - Texts in vernacular German language
question
St. Mattlew Passion (1739) by Johann Sebastian Beach
answer
* Osorio * Biblical story of jesus's last days, told by Evangelist * Vocal soloist as characters * Choruses as soldiers, disciples, crowd * Prominent use of chorale: " O Sacred Head, Now Wounded"
question
' Oratorio
answer
unstaged, uncostumed musical play
question
St. Mattlew Passion (1739) by Johann Sebastian Beach Vocal soloist as characters
answer
Evangelist(narrator), jesus, Pilate, judas, others
question
St. Mattlew Passion (1739) by Johann Sebastian Beach Prominent use of chorale: " O Sacred Head, Now Wounded"
answer
Four phrases: AABC form
question
Yom Kippur, Jewish Day of Atonement: " Kol Nidre"
answer
* 24-hour Holy Day focusing on repentance * " Kol Nidre" (" All Wows") prayer begins service *Request for forgiveness of sins and renewal *Service ends with shofar ( ram's horn) *
question
Kol Nidre in g minor, opus 39[ excerpt](1938 by Arnold Schoenberg
answer
* Narrato's text heard simultaneosly with polyphony in woodswinfs and strings * March-like orchestral rhythms in dialogue with narrator * Chorus joins narrator in text: " We repent" * Orchestral musuc becomes more dissnant and insistent * Contemporary Expression
question
" Jesus Walks'"
answer
Kanye West
