Chapter 16 addiction

Addiction refers to a habitual psychological and physical dependence on a substance or practice that is beyond voluntary control

Substance specific symptoms that follow the cessation of or reduction in intake of substance previously used regularly

Cocaine heroin methamphetamine alcohol nicotine

In addition to the type of drug used genetics, psychological makeup, and social factors also influence the risk of developing drug dependence. Research indicates that differences in brain chemistry and metabolism make some individuals more vulnerable to drug dependence. At present, the precise differences in brain chemistry of metabolism that contribute to increase risk of drug dependence remain unclear and this topic remains an active area of research

Any drug that causes a user to experience an ultra state of consciousness that is, to feel high, is a psychoactive drug. Soon after ingestion injection or inhalation psychoactive drugs cause the blood brain barrier and users typically report feeling a search of pleasurable sensations

THC is the chemical tetrahydrocannabinol and is found in marijuana.

Long-term usage of marijuana can affect the memory and also the lungs

Cocaine is a powerful stimulant derived from the leaves of the coca shrub which grows primarily in the Andes Mountains in South America. The cocaine high is a short lives hi that generally a class from 5 to 20 minutes cocaine is highly addictive drug when the cocaine high disappear the user wants more spending over $1,500 a day on cocaine is not uncommon for an addict

Alcohol is the most widely used recreational drug in the United States and is most popular drug on college campuses

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Chronic abuse of alcohol over a. Of years can result in liver disease damage to the nervous system and increase risk of certain cancers. Malnutrition is commonly associated with chronic alcohol abuse because of frequent presence of alcohol irritates the gastrointestinal system.

Nicotine provides an almost immediate psychological kick to the body because it causes a release of epinephrine from the adrenal cortex located in the endocrine gland near the kidneys this stimulates the central nervous system and increases both heart rate and blood pressure this simulation is lost rapidly which leads to both depression and fatigue and causes the user to seek more nicotine nicotine is absorbed readily from tobacco smoke in the lungs and does not matter whether the smoke some cigarettes cigars or pipes nicotine is also absorb in the mouth when to back away stood with regular use tobacco nicotine can you simulate in the body and remain for several hours.

Caffeine is a bitter substance found in coffee tea soft drinks chocolate and certain medicines caffeine enter the bloodstream through the stomach and small intestines and can simulate the central nervous system as soon as 15 minutes after is consumed for most people the amount of caffeine in two to four cups of coffee a day is not harmful if consumed to moderate doses caffeine can increase alertness and give you energy boost however too much caffeine can make you restless and irritable caffeine has also been associated with insomnia headaches and abnormal heart rhythms caffeine is eliminated slowly from the body and can remain in the body for hours if you have trouble sleeping at night try to avoid and destiny product contain caffeine after 2 p.m.

Stimulant

Reinforcement leading to craving. Loss of control. Escalation. Negative outcomes.

Alcohol nicotine marijuana and cocaine are the most widely used and abused drugs in the United States.

Cigarette smoking causes coronary heart disease doubles a person's risk for stroke and increases the risk of several forms of cancer including cancer.