History 1301 Lone Star College G. Wood

She accompanied the Lewis and Clark Expedition during its journey to the Pacific Ocean between 1804 and 1806. She made important contributions to the success of the Corps of Discovery: she helped guide the expedition through unfamiliar territory and she helped translate when the expedition encountered Indian tribes.

Ashley, William Henry (1778-1838), an American fur trader and explorer, began fur trading in 1822. He established the more flexible system of meeting the trappers at different places each year, instead of using fixed trading posts. He explored the Green River south to Utah in 1825, and the next year went as far as the Great Salt Lake.

break in Rocky Mountains in Wyoming which offered a wagon route into Oregon, discovered by Jedidiah Smith

Santa Anna agreeing to withdrawl troops from Texas in exchange for safe conduct back to Mexico, to lobby for recognition of Texas Independence. Santa broke his promise. Houston became president of the Republic 1836-1845 Texas functioned as an independent Nation

As President of the Second Bank of the United States, this man occupied a position of power and responsibility that propelled him to the forefront of Jacksonian politics in the 1830s. He, along with others who regarded the bank as a necessity, realized the threat posed by the election of Andrew Jackson in 1828. Jackson was bitterly opposed to the national bank, believing that it was an unconstitutional, elitist institution that bred inequalities among the people. A bitterly divisive issue, the rechartering of the bank dominated political discussion for most of the 1830s, and for many, this man became a symbol of all for which the bank stood. After Jackson's reelection, the Second Bank of the United States was doomed.

The Whigs tried to eat the Democrats' national organization with an array of sectional candidates, hoping to throw the election into the House of Representatives. The strategy failed. Martin Van Buren, with significant support in every section of the country, defeated the three Whig candidates combined.

Whigs united under William Henry Harrison, the one Whig candidate who had won national support 4 years earlier. Borrowing campaign tactics from the Democrats and inventing many of their own, Whigs campaigned hard in every state. The result was a Whig victory and a truly national two-party system.

February 2 1848. The agreement between President Polk and the new Mexican government for Mexico to cede California and New Mexico to the US and acknowledge the Rio Grand as the boundary of Texas. In return, the US promised to assume any financial claims its new citizens had against Mexico and to pay the Mexicans $15 million.

Elected Vice President and became the 10th President of the United States when Harrison died 1841-1845, President responsible for annexation of Mexico after receiving mandate from Polk, opposed many parts of the Whig program for economic recovery.

Taylor, upset at being demoted, disobeyed orders and attacked Mexican forces near the hacienda of Buena Vista. Santa Anna met Taylor's untested volunteers with a large but ill-trained army. February 1847- neither side could claim victory- it was the last major action on the northern front, after which Taylor was granted leave to return home

Series of legislation addressing slavery and the boundaries of territories acquired during the Mexican-American War. California was admitted as a free state, Texas received financial compensation for relinquishing claim to lands West of the Rio Grande river, the territory of New Mexico was organized with popular sovereignty, the slave trade was abolished in Washington, D.C., and the Fugitive Slave Law was passed It temporarily defused sectional tensions in the United States, postponing the secession crisis and the American Civil War. Also repealed the compromise of 1820.

This law came to the forefront when Senator Stephen A. Douglas proposed to divide the Nebraska Territory into two regions. Because both regions lay above the 36˚30' line of demarcation stipulated by the Missouri Compromise, this could theoretically open these lands to slavery. Passage of this bill would mean the REPEAL OF THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE OF 1820. Douglas pushed his bill through both houses and it was signed into law by President Pierce in 1854. Northern Democrats believed the Union had \"sold out\" to the South with regard to the slavery issue.

In May 1856, ardent abolitionist Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts delivered a two-day speech entitled The Crime Against Kansas. He described the miscarriage of popular sovereignty and condemned proslavery men as \"hirelings picked from the drunken spew and vomit of an uneasy civilization\". A specific target was South Carolina and its Sen. Andrew P. Butler, one of the most liked members in Congress. Several days later, Butler's cousin, Congressman Preston Brooks, attacked Sumner with a cane while he was seated at his desk in the Senate chamber, Brook's cane broke in the process. Sumner was beaten into unconsciousness, rendering him incapable of resuming his duties for more than three years, though he was continuously re-elected. Brooks was sent canes from admirers to replace the broken one.

a violent abolitionist who led the Pottawatomie Massacre in Kansas, believing that God had told him to \"fight fire with fire..and strike terror in the hearts of pro-slavery people;\" he was hanged in 1859 after leading an unsuccessful raid of an arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia

Supreme Court case regarding legality of slavery in free states. Dred Scott, a slave, sued for his freedom by arguing that his owner took him into the free state of Illinois and thus made him free. Chief Justice Roger B. Taney delivered majority opinion against Dred Scott. Struck down part of Missouri Compromise that barred slavery in Northwest, ruled blacks had no rights

Gold was discovered on January 24, 1848 in a stream at Sutter's Mill, California. The news prompted this stampede of settlers from the eastern United States and all over the world to pour into the California gold fields in search of their fortunes. Miners who rushed to California after the discovery of gold in the northern part of the territory in 1848 were called \"forty-niners.\" By the end of 1849, the population of California had increased from about 15,000 to more than 150,000. Over the next 10 years, some $550 million was extracted from the California mines. The rapid population growth led to California's application for statehood, which Congress eventually accepted on September 9, 1850 when it forged the controversial \"Compromise of 1850.\"

The theory advanced by John Calhoun in response to the Tariff of 1828 (the Tariff of Abominations); states, acting through a popular convention, could declare a law passed by Congress \"null and void\"; the roots of the idea go back to Jefferson and Madison's compact theory of government and are originally spelled out in the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions.

Famous for Oregon Trail (1824), publicized the south pass. The south pass allowed the people traveling west to use wagons because it wasn't too muddy.

leader of Mormans moved them to Utah (not part of U.S.A. at that time) so Mormans could practice their religion without outside interference 1847 they settled near the Great Salt Lake.

Also known as the Utah Expedition, Buchanan's Blunder, the Mormon War, or the Mormon Rebellion; was an armed confrontation between Latter-day Saint settlers in the Utah Territory and the armed forces of the United States government. The confrontation lasted one year. While there were casualties, mostly non-Mormon civilians, the \"war\" had no battles, and was resolved through negotiation. Mountain Meadows Massacre occurred at this time, in which more than 120 California-bound settlers, including unarmed men, women and children, were killed by a group of local Mormon militiamen, who were afraid it was U.S. Troops coming to fight.