Georgia Studies Unit 7
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Agriculture
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After World War II there was a transformation of ??????????; synthetic fibers (such as nylon and rayon) lessened the need for cotton; Georgia began to become more industrial; poultry became the main agricultural product.
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Major League Sports
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Atlanta Braves, Hawks, Falcons, Thrashers, Dream, and Silverbacks are all examples; provide additional tax money (revenue) for Atlanta, GA.
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Irvin Allen
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Mayor of Atlanta from 1962-1970; removed the \"Colored\" and \"White's Only\" signs from City Hall; oversaw the construction of skyscrapers and buildings in Atlanta; integrated the fire department and city governments.
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Ellis Arnall
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Elected governor of Georgia in 1942; first governor to serve a four year term of office; corrected the college accreditation problems created by ex-governor Eugene Talmadge; removed the prison system from the governor's control; gave 18 year old citizens the right to vote.
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William B. Hartsfield
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Served as mayor of Atlanta from 1937-1961 (6 terms; longer than any other mayor); oversaw many building projects (including the Atlanta Airport, expressways, and parks); after his death Atlanta Airport renamed after him.
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Hartsfield Airport, Deepwater Ports, Interstate highway system. and
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Four major transportation systems in Georgia; one by air, sea, and land.
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White Primary
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Under this system only white citizens were allowed to vote in primary elections; made elections unfair by allowing only white citizens to choose the candidates for general elections.
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1949 Governor's Race
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The \"Three Governors\" controversy began as a result of this election; Eugene Talmadge was elected Georgia's governor but died before taking office; current governor Ellis Arnall, Lt. Governor Melvin Thompson, and Herman Talmadge fought to choose the new governor; Herman Talmadge eventually elected in 1947.
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Herman Talmadge
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Segregationist Georgia governor that promised (unsuccessfully) to bring back the white primaries; big supporter of education; expanded the school year to 9 months; opposed the integration of Georgia's schools.
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1956 State Flag
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Symbol of Georgia; changed to incorporate St. Andrews Cross (Confederate Battle Flag); became a controversy between white and black citizens.
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SNCC
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Student organization founded to help black citizens register to vote and led protests, sit-ins, and boycotts of businesses that would not serve blacks.
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Brown VS Board of Education
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.S. Supreme Court case/decision that ruled that segregation to be unconstitutional (illegal); dealt with a group of young people trying to attend (and being denied the right to attend) an all white school in Topeka, Kansas.
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Sibley Commision
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14 member committee formed to study the problem of integration after Brown v. Board of Education; found that most Georgians would rather close down schools than integrate.
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Benjamin Mays
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Lifelong educator and President of Morehouse College; mentored Martin Luther King, Jr. while at Morehouse; founded Omega Psi Phi Fraternity and was the first African American school board president.
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MLK Jr.
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Civil Rights leader that used a non-violent approach (such as sit-ins) to ending racial segregation; delivered the \"I Have A Dream\" speech at the March on Washington in 1963; assassinated by James Earl Ray in 1968.
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Albany Movement
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Desegregation movement that led by Dr. William Anderson, that challenged segregation; began in Albany, Georgia through the work of the SNCC, the NAACP and local activists.
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Hamilton Holmes
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One of the first two African American students admitted to the University of Georgia.
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Charlaybe Hunter
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One of the first two African American students admitted to the University of Georgia.
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Civil Rights Act
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New civil rights laws created by John F. Kennedy and approved in 1964 by Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson; required all public facilities to be integrated and prohibited discrimination in business and labor unions.
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Lester Maddox
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Became GA's governor in 1967; had previously owned and forcefully removed African Americans from the restaurant he owned; once governor, appointed more African Americans to positions than all previous governors combined; established People's Days so that people could visit and have discussions with the governor
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Andrew Young
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Assisted MLK during the Civil Rights Movement; executive director of the SCLC; won election to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1972 (first African American from GA to be elected to Congress since the 1860's); U.N. Ambassador for Carter.
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Maynard Jackson
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Became the first African American mayor of a major southern city in 1973; increased programs for the arts, expanded the Atlanta Airport and was mayor of Atlanta during the 1996 Summer Olympic Games to Atlanta.
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Reapportionment
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Term that refers to redrawing the boundaries of election districts; allowed more African American (and other minorities) and women to be elected in GA.
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Immigrants
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People that have migrated (moved) from other places to find jobs, shelter, and opportunity; important to the growth and economy of GA.
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Jimmy Carter
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Elected U.S. President in 1976 (only President from GA); also served as a Senator and Governor of GA; negotiated the Camp David Accords in 1978 between Israel and neighboring Arab states; received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2002.
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County Unit System
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Voting method that gave rural (sparsely populated) areas more power in GA than larger urban counties; violated the 14th Amendment; made unconstitutional in 1962.
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Two-Party System
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Political change during the 1980's and 1990's where more Republican candidates won election in Georgia than any previous time; replaced the Democrat dominated One-Party System.
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1996 Olympic Games
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72 million visitors came to GA to witness this event; created revenue of more than $5 Billion; built sports venues and parks and increased international recognition; also the event that killed Alice Hawthorne and wounded 117 others at Centennial Olympic Park.
