Chemistry Chapter 2 Homework
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The isotope is used medically for the diagnosis of pancreatic disorders. Part A How many protons, electrons, and neutrons does an atom of have? Express your answers as integers separated by commas.
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34,34,41 protons, electrons, neutrons Correct
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An atom of element X contains 48 protons and 66 neutrons. Part A Identify the element, and write the symbol for the isotope in the standard format. Express your answer as an isotope.
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114 48 Cd
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How many protons and neutrons are in the nucleus of the following atoms? 27 Al
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13p, 14n
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How many protons and neutrons are in the nucleus of the following atoms? 32 S
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16p, 16n
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How many protons and neutrons are in the nucleus of the following atoms? 64 Zn
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30p, 34n
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How many protons and neutrons are in the nucleus of the following atoms? 207 Pb
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82p, 125n
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Naturally occurring silver consists of two isotopes: (51.84%) with an isotopic mass of 106.9051 and (48.16%) with an isotopic mass of 108.9048 . Part A What is the atomic mass of silver? Express your answer using four significant figures.
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107.9
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Magnesium has three naturally occurring isotopes: (23.985 ) with 78.99% abundance, (24.986 ) with 10.00% abundance, and a third with 11.01% abundance. Part A Look up the atomic mass of magnesium, and then calculate the mass of the third isotope. Express your answer using five significant figures.
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25.982
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How many protons and electrons are in each of the following ions? Be 2+
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4p,2e
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How many protons and electrons are in each of the following ions? Rb+
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37p,36e
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How many protons and electrons are in each of the following ions? Se 2-
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34p,36e
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How many protons and electrons are in each of the following ions? Au 3+
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79p,76e
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.What is the name of the covalent compound CCl4 ? Hint A.1 How to approach the problem Hint A.2 Determine the first element named Hint A.3 Determine the prefixes Enter the full name of the compound
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carbon tetrachloride
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.What is the name of the covalent compound N2O5 ? Hint A.1 How to approach the problem Hint A.2 Determine the first element named Hint A.3 Determine the prefixes Enter the full name of the compound
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dinitrogen pentaoxide
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What is the systematic name of Mg(No3)2? Hint A.1 How to approach the problem Hint not displayed Hint A.2 Name the cation Hint not displayed Hint A.3 Name the anion
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magnesium nitrate
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What is the systematic name of NH4ClO3? Hint B.1 How to approach the problem Hint not displayed Hint B.2 Name the cation Hint not displayed Hint B.3 Name the anion Hint not displayed
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amonium chlorite
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What is the systematic name of PbO? Hint C.1 How to approach the problem Hint not displayed Hint C.2 Name the cation Hint not displayed Hint C.3 Name the anion Hint not displayed
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lead(II) oxide
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Many covalent compounds have common names that are not related to their chemical formula. However, systematic names for the compounds can be determined from the chemical formula of the compound by using an agreed-upon naming conventions. .
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Learning Goal: To name covalent compounds using the chemical formulas and systematic naming rules.
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>H_2O (water) > NH_3 (ammonia) > PH_3 (phosphine) > CH_4 (methane) >SiH_4 (silane)
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*Some compounds are always named by their common name
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>SeO_3 (selenium trioxide), >OF_2 (oxygen difluoride)
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*Name elements with oxygen as oxides, except in case of fluorine.
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>N_2O (dinitrogen monoxide)
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*Use Greek prefixes to denote the number of atoms of each element present. However, the mono prefix is only used when necessary.
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> HCl* (hydrogen chloride) >*Note that {HCl}{(aq)} is the acid form of HCl and is called hydrochloric acid.
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*Name the second element using the ide suffix.
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>SeO_3 (selenium trioxide)
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*Name the element farthest to the left in the periodic table first. If the elements are in the same column, use the bottom one first.
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Because the common names of many chemical compounds are not helpful in indicating the chemical nature of the compound (e.g., the common name "table salt" gives no clue that this compound is composed of sodium and chlorine, rm NaCl), systematic names have been introduced to accurately identify compounds. The naming of simple ionic compounds is relatively straightforward, once you understand the naming system. Ionic compounds are named according to their cation first, followed by their anion. Once the cation is named, the anion is then named. The naming conventions are listed in the tables to the right. Finally, although ionic compounds need to have an overall neutral charge, the number of cations or anions are not mentioned in the formula name. For example, rm AlCl_3 is aluminum chloride, not aluminum trichloride
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Learning Goal: To name ionic compounds from the chemical formula.
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K+ (potassium)
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Naming convention for cations If the element forms only one ion, simply name the element.
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Fe{3+} [iron(III)]
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Naming convention for cations Cations that make multiple ions are distinguished by Roman numerals.
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NH_4+ (ammonium
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Naming convention for cations Polyatomic ions have special names
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Cl- (chloride)
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Naming convention for anions If the element forms only one ion, add ide to the element name.
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>SO_4{2-}~ (sulfate) >SO_3{2-}~ (sulfite)
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Naming convention for anions Oxoanions use ite for the anion with fewer oxygen atoms and ate for the anion with more oxygen atoms.
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>ClO- (hypochlorite) >ClO_2}- (chlorite) >ClO_3^- (chlorate) >ClO_4}- (perchlorate)
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Naming convention for anions Halogens and transition metals that can form up to four oxoanions require distinguishing prefixes.
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Learning Goal: To learn to write the systematic name of ionic compounds given the chemical formula and to write the chemical formula given the systematic name. Ionic bonds form when one atom completely transfers one or more electrons to another atom, resulting in the formation of ions. Positively charged ions (cations) are strongly attracted to negatively charged ions (anions) by electrical forces. All chemical compounds can be named systematically by following a series of rules. Binary ionic compounds are named by identifying first the positive ion and then the negative ion. Naming compounds with polyatomic ions involves memorizing the names and formulas of the most common ones.
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Learning Goal: To learn to write the systematic name of ionic compounds given the chemical formula and to write the chemical formula given the systematic name.
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Give the systematic name for the compound Na(No3)2 . Spell out the full name of the compound.
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barium nitrate Barium is a metal that has only one oxidation state. Therefore it is not necessary to write II in parentheses in the systematic name. Only those metals with more than one oxidation state must have its state written in the name.
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Give the systematic name for the compound Mn2(SO4)3. Spell out the full name of the compound.
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manganese(III) sulfate Although it seems like a small difference, manganese(II) and manganese(III) behave much differently chemically. They even form different-colored compounds because of the number of electrons they have to bond. Therefore it is very important to specify which oxidation state is being used.
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Enter the formula for the compound barium oxide. Express your answer as a chemical formula.
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BaO All of the elements in group 2 form ions with a +2 charge. That is because all of these elements need to lose two electrons to gain stability. After losing the electrons, there is an excess of two protons, which results in a +2 charge.
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Enter the formula for the compound lead(II) phosphate. . Express your answer as a chemical formula.
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Pb3(po4)2 Lead, like iron, has more than one oxidation state, so it is necessary to put the oxidation state of the metal in parentheses. Elements in group 1 and 2 only have one oxidation state and so there is no need for Roman numerals in their systematic name.
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...
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The chemical formula of covalent compounds can be easily determined from the systematic name of the compound. Greek prefixes are used to indicate the number of atoms of each element present in the compound.
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Prefix mono
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Number 1
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Prefix di
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Number 2
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Prefix tri
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Number 3
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Prefix tetra
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Number 4
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Prefix penta
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Number 5
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Prefix hexa
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Number 6
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Prefix hepta
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Number 7
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Prefix octa
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Number 8
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Prefix nona
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Number 9
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Prefix deca
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Number 10
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What is the formula for the compound nitrogen monoxide? Express your answer as a chemical formula.
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NO
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What is the formula for the compound tetraphosphorus decoxide? Express your answer as a chemical formula.
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P4O10
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What is the formula for the compound methane? Express your answer as a chemical formula.
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CH4
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What is the chemical formula for potassium permanganate? Express your answer as a chemical formula.
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KMnO4
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Blue vitriol is commonly used in industrial dyeing processes. What is the chemical formula for blue vitriol, whose systematic name is copper(II) sulfate? Express your answer as a chemical formula.
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CuSO4
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Sodium carbonate is used in the manufacture of paper. What is the chemical formula for this compound? Express your answer as a chemical formula.
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Na2CO3
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What is the name for the compound PCl_5 ? Spell out the full name of the compound.
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phosphorus pentachloride
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What is the name for the compound rm N_2H_4 ? Spell out the full name of the compound.
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dinitrogen tetrahydride
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Write formulas for the following binary compounds. Potassium chloride Express your answer as a chemical formula.
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KCl
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Write formulas for the following binary compounds.Tin(II) bromide Express your answer as a chemical formula.
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SnBr2
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Write formulas for the following binary compounds. Calcium oxide Express your answer as a chemical formula.
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CaO
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Write formulas for the following binary compounds. Barium chloride Express your answer as a chemical formula.
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BaCl2
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Write formulas for the following binary compounds. Aluminum hydride Express your answer as a chemical formula.
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AlH3
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Name the following binary molecular compounds. CCl4
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carbon tetrachloride
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Name the following binary molecular compounds. ClO2
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chlorine dioxide
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Name the following binary molecular compounds. N2O
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dinitrogen monoxide
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Name the following binary molecular compounds. N2O3
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dinitrogen trioxide
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Write formulas for each of the following compounds. Sodium peroxide Express your answer as a chemical formula
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Na2O2
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Write formulas for each of the following Aluminum bromide Express your answer as a chemical formula.
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AlBr3
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Write formulas for each of the following compounds. Chromium(III) sulfate Express your answer as a chemical formula
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Cr2(SO4)3
