Chemistry Lab Equipment
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beaker
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cylindrical glassware with flat bottom and a lip for pouring, used to hold and transfer liquids, to heat, cool and stir, NOT for measuring volume
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graduated cylinder
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tall and narrow cylindrical glassware with graduated lines alone side, used to measure volume; record lowest position of the meniscus (the curved surface of the liquid), can be unstable and tip over easily, but placing a plastic ring around the neck decreases the chance of it breaking if it falls over
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test tube
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narrow cylindrical glassware with rounded bottoms, used to hold small amounts of liquids; unstable and must be placed into a test tube rack or beaker to remain upright, some are specially designed for centrifuge or for high heat (Special Pyrex)
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Erlenmeyer Flask
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conical glassware with a fly bottom and cylindrical neck, used to hold liquids, good for swirling (and therefore, titrations), not for measuring volume; specialized filter flasks can be used with vacuum pumps to create suction filters
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funnel
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conical glassware with cylindrical tube out of the bottom, used when pouring liquids into small openings, used with filter paper to filter a solid out of a liquid, angled end facilitates last drop to drip our
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medicine dropper
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narrow glass tube tapered at one end, bulb on other; used to add liquids drop wise, can be used to remove excess from graduated cylinder when measuring liquids, can add extra drops of liquid to reach exact volumes
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lap scoop
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long thin piece of metal that is curved into an arc with one tapered end, used to scoop and transfer dry powered chemicals, used to scrape chemicals off of surfaces, aka \"scupula\"
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thermometer
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long glass tube with mercury and graduated lines to measure degrees Celsius, temperature
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watch glass
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curved piece of round glass, used to cover beakers, used to store a chemical as it dries, can be placed over a beaker fire to suffocate the flames
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test tube holder
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entwined piece of bent metal, used to carry hot test tubes, two can also be used together to hold a test tube in a beaker or water bath, can also be used to carry small beakers
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stirring rod
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long, thin, solid piece of glass, used for stirring chemicals, can place vertically against pour lip on beaker to help direct the fluid
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Bunsen Burner
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produces a single open gas flame, used for heating, sterilization and combustion, tube brings natural gas in through the bottom, openings right before the cylinder allows air to flow in, adjusting the air flow by twisting the cylinder will affect the intensity of the flame, can also adjust the flame by increasing or decreasing gas flow by turning the natural gas valve
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flint striker
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curved steel handle containing flint at one end, applying pressure on the handle drags the steel across the flint causing it to spark, used to ignite the Bunsen burner
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support ring
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metal ring attached to a rod with a thumbscrew, is attached to a ring stand by tightening the screw, used with a wire gauze to hold a beaker or flask off of the lab workstation, used to hold items over a Bunsen burner during heating
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wire gauze
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square piece of wire mesh with a ceramic center, placed on top of support ring to create a flat surface to hold beakers and flasks, must be centered to give the best support, heat resistant, so can be used over a Bunsen burner, but should not be heated to red hot
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clamp
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metal rod with a clamp on one end and a thumbscrew on the other end, attached to the ring stand by tightening the thumbscrew, some have a second thumbscrew to change the length of the rod and/or its angle, clamp is tightened and released with a smaller screw found on the side of the clamp, used to hold test tubes and flasks during experiments, clamp is usually coated in plastic which can melt
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burette clamp
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metal or plastic apparatus with four outer clamps, has a central screw for attachment to a ring stand, used to hold thermometers and burettes during experiments, used particularly during titration, clamps are usually plastic and can melt
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ring stand
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metal rod attached to a metal base, used to attach clamps and support rings in order to make various apparatuses for experiments, suspend heavy items over the metal base (to prevent tipping)
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scale
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machine used for weighing mass, takes measurements down to 0.001 g (1 mg), is covered to reduce the effect of air on measurements of mass
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fume hood
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device tha provides an enclosed workstation, designed to limit the user's exposure to hazardous gases, fine dusts, or noxious fumes; removes gases by means of ventilation, window must stay below the designated line in order to work properly, the lower the window, the more effectively it functions to remove gases and fumes; experiments should be performed inside the fume hood in the sunken area, away from the window, and not on ledge
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spectrophotometer
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machine used to analyze a chemical's absorbance and transmittance of electromagnetic energy, has a display and buttons on one side and a door where samples are placed on the other side of the machine
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centrifuge
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machine used to remove larger particles from solution through centrifugal forces, uses special test tubes that can withstand the forces without breaking
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hot plate
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machine that provides heat from electricity instead of from combustion natural gas, can be used in the place of a Bunsen burner, has a knob in front to regulate temperature, also is a magnetic stirrer (controlled by a second knob), usually used in the fume hoods where Bunsen burner flames are blown out by the ventilation
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mortar and pestle
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heavy bowl and rod, used to crush, grind an dmix solid samples, usually made of glazed ceramic or porcelain
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forceps
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large tweezers, used to grab items in hard to reach spaces
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burette
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long vertical cylindrical piece of glassware with a stopcock at the bottom, graduated lines cover its full length, turning the stopcock allows for the release of small aliquots of liquid, essential in titrations
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graduated pipette
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long vertical cylindrical piece of glassware with a tapered end on one side and a pump attached on the other; graduated lines cover its full length, used to dispense exact amounts of liquids, use the white dial to draw liquids into the pipette, press on the white plunger (or lever) to expel liquids, store the pump and pipette separately
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volumetric pipette
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long vertical cylindrical piece of glassware with a tapered end on one side and an enlarged area in the middle, and a pump attached on the other end, used to measure and dispense small amounts of liquids, used the same way as a graduated pipette
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disposable pipette
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single piece of plastic formed into tapered tub with bulb, used to dispense fluids into very narrow openings like the top of burettes or small volumetric flasks, are NOT used to measure out volumes, are thrown out of the end of lab and are NOT reusable, only to be used when manual specifies
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volumetric flask
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pear-shaped glassware with a long neck and a glass stopper, used to make dilutions, used to dissolve solids into exact concentrations
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flat bottom vial
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small, cylindrical piece of glassware with a flat bottom and a screw top where a lid is attached, used to hold small amounts of liquids and solids, can be used in place of a test tube if items are not being heated, can be used for long term storage or during experiments
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kimwipes
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delicate paper towels/dry wipes, used to clean or dry glassware that cannot be scratched, also used to wipe clean cuvettes before placing them into a spectrophotometer to ensure accurate readings
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weighing tray
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plastic hexagonal tray, used to hold large crystals or solids while being weighed, cannot be used to weigh powders or small amounts as its electrostatic charge will repel the chemicals
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wax weighing paper
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paper with a shiny wax coating, used to hold powders or small amounts of chemicals while being weighed, can be folded in half to pour the weighed powders into the appropriate container, can be curved into funnels to aid in pouring powders
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parafilm
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plastic, stretchy film, squares are cut off of a sheet, backing is peeled off before being used, used to cover beakers, test tubes, and flasks to keep the chemicals within from becoming contaminated, must be pulled tightly over containers to form a good seal
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cuvette
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glass or plastic rectangular vial, usually have two sides that are frosty or lined and two opposing sides that are clear, used to hold sample liquids in the spectrophotometer, should not be scratched or will affect the absorption readings
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evaporating dish
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bowl with a pouring spout typically made of porcelain, designed to fit over the top of a beaker, some have a side handle for carrying when hot, used to evaporate excess liquid
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magnetic stir bars
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elongated magnets with a white coating, used to stir and mix chemicals, are placed inside the container holding the chemicals to be stirred, then set up on top of a magnetic stirring machine, speed of spinning is controlled by a knob
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filter paper
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circular paper in a variety of diameters and porosities, used to separate solids and liquids, can be used flat or in a folded form
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Florence flask
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spherical glassware with a long neck, also called a boiling flask, used to hold liquids, optimal for swirling and uniform heating; rounded base, needs clamp to stand upright
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wash bottle
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plastic battle with nozzle, squeezing the bottle releases a stream of liquid, typically contains deionized water, refilled by removing cap at the top, should be filled only 3/4 full or can leak
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test tube brushes
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wire with bristles at one end and a loop at the other used to clean glassware, can be bend in order to reach the sides of flasks
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Mohr's Pinchcock
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bent wire with a loop at top and two right angle ends, used to clamp tubing shut, by pressing on the two ends the clamp is released, also called a \"pinch clamp\"
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test tube rack
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wooden rack with holes in the top and pegs on the sides, used to hold test tubes upright, do not use as a dry rack as the wood tends to absorb chemicals over time and contaminate glassware
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Buchner funnel
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funnel with a flat, porous surface inside to hold filters, typically made of porcelain or plastic, used in suction filtration, often can separate into two sections to maintain a seal
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dropper bottles
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bottles with the means of dispensing a solution drop-wise,; if plastic, the top of the bottle has a narrow nozzle, turn bottle upside down and squeeze gently to dispense drops; if glass, the cap is a medicine dropper
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label tape
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white tape used to label equipment, simply rip to remove portion f tape, use a permanent marker to write on the tape and remove all tape after each experiment to prevent it from hardening in place and damaging equipment
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tongs
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metal tool for grasping that works similar to scissors, narrow end can grasp thinner items lil paper or edges of glassware, large rounded opening is for grasping larger beakers or flasks, many coated with plastic to prevent slippage and improve rasping, but plastic will melt in heat
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wire triangle
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metal triangle with spikes off of each point, helps suspend objects by narrowing the opening on support rings or beakers, often used in gravity filtration to suspend funnel
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developing tank
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glass rectangular box with glass lid, may or may not have handle, used to hold a gas needed in a reaction, a viscous material is often placed along the top edge of the container to create a tight seal with the lid, lid is removed by sliding, not lifting, due to the strength of the viscous material
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spectroscope
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machine that uses a slit, lens, and prism to breaks light into its rainbow colors, often uses a mirror to reflect the resulting color bands onto a scale, may or may not come with a stand
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discharge lamp
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machine that passes high voltage through a gas, reveals a chemical's emitted color when excited, gases are placed in tubes like light bulbs
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nichrome loop
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wire loop on a handle made from the metal alloy nichrome which is resistant to heat, used in chemistry for flame testing, small loop picks up a droplet of solution at a time, resistant to oxidation but will degrade in acid
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stop watch
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machine used to monitor time, press both buttons to reset, press right button to start and left button to stop, usually on a string so can place around neck
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rubber stoppers
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conical pieces of rubber with the tips cut off, used to create seals or cap glassware, can have holes to allow glass tubes to pass through
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hot hand protector mitts
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made of strong silicon rubber, protects the wearer from hot and cold, thumb and fingers of a single hand are inserted in the opposing ends in order to clasp objects, the concave projections reduce slippage
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pH meter
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machine that measures pH, pH 7 solution must be kept in its cap to prevent damage, must be calibrated before every use
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voltmeter
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machine that measures voltage, must attach wires to it using banana ends, the alligator ends of each wire attaches to electrodes inside the solution being measured
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U tube
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glassware in a u-shape providing two openings, used in electrolytic cells or for making pressure gauges
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magnetic stick retriever
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long plastic stick with a magnet at the tip, used to retrieve stir bars or small iron items from sink drains or other hard to access areas
