Civil War: IB History HOA Paper 3
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Antebellum
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Before the war
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History of Slavery
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95% of all slaves brought to Latin America (Brazil & Caribbean)
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Slavery Kept the South from...
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industrialization
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5th amendment
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slaves were seen as property
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Cotton Gin
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Invented by Eli Whitney in 1793
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Nat Turners Rebellion 1831
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resulted in 56 deaths of white southerners and their families
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Sectionalism
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State over Country
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Nullification
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act of cancelling something out
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Nullification Theory
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If a state doesn't agree with the federal law, they have the right to ignore it
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Tariff of 1828
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a tax on imported goods
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Missouri Compromise 1820
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Missouri was a slave state, imaginary line across Louisiana territory. Above no slavery, below slavery.
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Mexican-American War 1846-48
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mexico lost 40% of land to US
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Compromise of 1850
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California became free state, New Mexico and Utah were open to slavery, Strong Fugitive Slave law passed
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Uncle Tom's Cabin
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Anti-Slavery Novel written by Harriet Stowe
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Ostend Manifesto 1854
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US purchase of Cuba from Spain
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Caning of Sumner by Brooks in 1856
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Sumner was an abolitionist and Brooks was a southerner
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Dred Scott Case 1857
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Slave Dred Scott could not sue bc he was not a citizen
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Secession 1861
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Lincoln said he wouldn't interfere with slavery, wouldn't support extension of further expansion of slavery, supported fugitive slave law
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Sectionalism Thesis
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Some argue conflict was inevitable out of fundamental difference between the two regions
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Southern Honor Thesis
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South was forced to fight to defend its honor because it had been insulted
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It-Was-The-Economy Thesis
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The basis of the conflict existed between Northern industrial workers and southern planters. Historian Eric Foner states that moral concerns among N. Abolitionists were not the dominant sentiments in the north
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Blundering Politicians Thesis
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The fault of the incompetent of the congress who were unable to compromise well enough to avert war
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Abraham Lincoln
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President of the USA, wanted to preserve the union, not an abolitionist, moderate, appointed his political opponents to his cabinet so he could keep an eye on them
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Jefferson Davis
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President of the CSA (confederate states of America), wanted to establish a new nation, was a vast slaveholder, unable to convince European allies to support him, served 2 years for treason
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Emancipation Proclamation 1863
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Called for raising of black union troops to fight in the Civil War, all slaves under the confederacy were from then on out to be forever free, very powerful and symbolic
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Reconstruction 1865-77
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Putting the union back together after the CW, readmission of states, black suffrage, carpetbagger influence, military supervision.
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Popular Thesis
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Reconstruction was only somewhat successful, south was physically, militarily, emotionally, politically, and economically devastated
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Freedmen's Bureau Act of 1866
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Oversaw legal welfare of freed slaves, cases involving former slaves in sate law were moved to military courts
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13th amendment
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1865 - ended slavery
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14th amendment
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1868- gave citizenship to African Americans
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15th amendment
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1869- gave African Americans suffrage
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Sharecropping
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A system of agriculture in which a landowner allows tenant to use land in return for share of crop produced
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Backlash in south
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Jim Crow laws, segregation of public facilities, KKK etc.
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Black Codes
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Laws that oppressed African Americans which varied from state to state
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Jim Crow
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Racial segregation, different water fountains and bathrooms, had to sit in different spots on the bus
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Compromise of 1877
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Ended Reconstruction and last US troops were removed
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KKK
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Historian Eric Foner states that the KKK was a military force serving the interest of the Democratic party
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William Dunning
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States that southern whites were the victims of radical republicans
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WEB Dubois
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States that reconstruction was a noble effort by freedmen and all their white allies to create a more democratic south
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Kenneth Stampp
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States that reonstruction was genuine yet was a flawed effort to solve the race problem in the south
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Eric Foner
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States that reconstruction was mostly successful and never has a group of people accomplished so much in so little time. Yet set the groundwork for the radical Civil rights movements of the 50's and 60's
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Civil War
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was fought from 1861-65
