CM 1020 Chpt 3
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Solids
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Three dimensional figures
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Surfaces
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solids are bounded by the surfaces that contain them
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Polyhedra
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Solids that are bounded by plane surfaces
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Regular Polyhedron
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the faces of the solid are equal regular polygons
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Prism
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has two bases, which are parallel equal polygons, and three or more additional faces, which are parallelograms.
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pyramid
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has a polygon for a base and triangular lateral faces that intersect a common point called the vertex.
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Cylinder
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has a single curved exterior face
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Cones
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has a single curved exterior face
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spheres
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has a double curved exterior face
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torus
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shaped like a doughnut. its boundary is double curved.
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ellipsoids
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shaped like an egg
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essential shapes
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breaking down complex objects into simpler geometric shapes
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construction lines
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beginning a sketch by mocking in light guidelines to help preserve basic shapes and proportions.
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contours
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main outlines that separate it from the surrounding space
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positive space
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space occupied by the object
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negative space
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unoccupied space around the object
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viewpoint
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envisioning an object as it looks from a static point of view.
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Shading
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can give an object a more realistic appearance because it represents the way the object actually looks
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Hatching
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commonly used method to add shading because it is easy to reproduce with a photocopier
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Edge
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formed on a solid where two surfaces intersect
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Vertex
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formed on a solid where three or more surfaces intersect
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point
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used to represent a location in space, but has no width, height, or depth
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line
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used in drawings to represent the edge of a solid object
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angle
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formed by two intersecting lines
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freehand sketch
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helpful way to organize your thoughts and record ideas. freehand sketches are not sloppy drawings. they show attention to proportion, clarity, and correct line widths.
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proportion
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the size of each part in relation to the whole.
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pictorial sketch
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hows a 3d object on a 2d sheet of paper
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isometric
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\"equal measure\"
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axonometric projection
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visual rays are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the plane of projection (it is a type of orthographic projection)
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oblique drawing
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visual rays are parallel to each other but at an angle other than 90 degrees to the plane of projection. circles also show up as ellipses on the top and right sides.
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What are the advantages of using grid paper for sketching?
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to keep spaces and dimensions consistent.
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What is the correct technique for sketching a circle or arc?
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enclosing square method, centerline method.
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sketch the alphabet of lines. which lines are thick? which are thin? which are very light and will not reproduce when copied?
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(figure 3.23 page 74 shows the alphabet of lines) visible lines, cutting plane lines are thick. hidden lines are medium. dimension, extension and center lines are thin. construction lines are very thin and will not be picked up when copied.
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what type of 3d drawing can be easily drawn using square grid paper?
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isometric.
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what is the advantage of sketching an object first before drawing it using CAD?
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you will have a solid idea of how the object is supposed to look before entering the software. this way you can use the CAD software to refine your drawing rather than starting from the beginning. it will provide for a more complete and polished CAD drawing.
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What is the difference between proportion and scale?
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scale is the overall size of an object compared to another object. proportion is the size of one part of an object to another part of the same object.
