Chapter 10: Neurodevelopmental and Neurocognitive Disorders
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Disorientation, recent memory loss, and a clouding of attention Have problems with focusing, sustaining, or shifting attention Signs arise suddenly
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What is delirium
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when the signs of delirium get worse at night
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What is sundowning
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Typically caused by anatomic changes in the brain Generally irreversible, permanent Affects mainly memory
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what is dementia
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delirium has a sudden onset delirium is caused by an acute illness, infection, drug toxicity while dementia is caused by anatomic changes in the brain delirium is reversible; dementia is permanent delirium affects mostly attention; dementia affects mostly memory
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what is the difference between dementia and delirium
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-Mild memory loss that quickly progresses to profound memory loss and disorientation -2/3 have psychiatric symptoms including agitation -As disease worsens, they may become violent and experience hallucinations and delusions
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What is Alzheimer's Disease
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a decline in cognitive functioning severe enough to interfere with daily functioning.
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what is neurocognitive disorder
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the failure to recognize objects or people
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what is agnosia
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-Discontinue drugs that contribute to delirium -Antipsychotic medications - Help treat a delirium person's confusion -Nursing care -Secure atmosphere helps create a secure feeling and a feeling of being in control
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what are the treatments for dementia and delirium
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-Multiple motor and at least one vocal tic that have been present at some time during the illness, but not necessarily concurrently -begins in childhood and increases in adolescence and decline in adulthood
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what is Tourette's disorder
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deficit in one or more academic skills: reading, written expression, and/or math performance needs to be significantly below that expected for his or her age, schooling, and overall level of intelligence
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what is specific learning disorder
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Deficits in the ability to function in three broad domains of daily living -Conceptual domain: reading, math, writing, etc. -Social domain: understanding others' experiences, interpersonal communication skills, social judgment, etc. -Practical domain: hygiene, grocery shopping, cooking, etc.
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what is intellectual developmental disorder
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involves impairment in two fundamental behavior domains -social interactions and communications -restricted, repetitive pattens of behaviors, interests and activities
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what is autism spectrum disorder
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Echoing what one hears rather than generating ones own words
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what is echolalia
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six or more symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity but less than six symptoms of inattention
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what is predominantly hyperactive/impulsive type ADHD
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six or more symptoms of inattention but less than six symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity
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what is predominately inattentive presentation of ADHD
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six or more symptoms of inattention and six or more symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity
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what is combined presentation of ADHD
