Chemistry: Properties of Matter, Acids, Bases
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density
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an object's mass divided by its volume; a measure of how many particles are packed together into a certain amount of space (related word: dense)
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Physical Properties of Matter
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can be observed and measured without changing the kind of matter being studied.
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Melting Point
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the temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid
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Boiling Point
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the temperature at which a liquid changes into a gas
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Color
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Color can be used to help identify a substance, along with other properties. Substances are not identified by color alone. Absence of color (colorless) is also a physical property of matter.
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Chemical Property of Matter
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*are not usually visible. *can be recognized only when substances react or DO NOT react chemically with another specific substance.
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Burning/Ablility to Burn
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to change chemically and release heat Key Context When you light a candle, it burns. The flame gives out light, heat, and smoke. The heat makes wax melt. When the flame is put out you will see that the wick has turned black. Burning is a permanent change.
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Rusting
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A chemical reaction between oxygen and metal the formation of reddish/brownish residue from the combination of iron, water and oxygen (rust:hydrated iron oxide). a slow chemical reaction between iron and oxygen to form rust (iron oxide)
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acid
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Definition any substance with a pH less than 7; acids turn blue litmus paper red (related word: acidic)
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base
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Definition any substance with a pH higher than 7; bases turn red litmus paper blue (related term: basic, alkali)
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neutral
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Definition describes something that is not charged or is neither an acid nor a base: In chemistry, neutral substances are neither acids nor bases. In physics, neutral objects have no electrical charge.
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litmus paper
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Definition a tool used to find out whether a substance is an acid or a base: Acids turn blue litmus paper red. Bases turn red litmus paper blue.
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chemical change
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Definition a chemical reaction; a process that changes substances into new substances (related word: chemical reaction)
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physical change
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Definition a change in matter that does not affect its chemical composition
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pH
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Definition a measure of acidity or alkalinity
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indicator
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A substance that will change colors in the presence of an acid or a base. Examples: Litmus paper turns red in an acid. Litmus paper turns blue in a base. Phenolphthalein remains colorless in an acid. Phenolphthalein turns bright pink or magenta in a base.
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pH Scale
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Ranges from 0 - 14. Measures how acidic or basic a solution is.
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Ductility
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Ability to be drawn into a long, thin wire.
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Malleable
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Can be hammered into a shape
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An unknown material is a nonconductor, brittle, and dull. How would you classify it?
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Nonmetal
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An unknown material is a conductor, has luster, and is ductile. How would you classify it?
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Metal
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What is the density of a material with a volume of 17 ml and a mass of 12g?
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0.71g/ml
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What is the mass of a material with a volume of 12.4ml and a density of 6.2 g/ml?
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76.9g
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What is the volume of a material with a mass of 24.1g and a density of 12.4 g/ml?
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1.9ml
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How would you classify a substance with the following test results? Litmus Paper = red Phenolphthalein = remains colorless pH = 5.9
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Acid
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How would you classify a substance with the following test results? Litmus Paper = violet Phenolphthalein = pink or magenta pH = 7
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Neutral
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How would you classify a substance with the following test results? Litmus Paper = blue Phenolphthalein = pink or magenta pH = 7.5
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Base
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Occurs when acids and bases react. Can form a salt
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Neutralization
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Example of an acidic pH value.
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5.0
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Example of a basic pH value.
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8.5
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Example of a neutral pH value
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7.0
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What pH value would be required to neutralize an acid with a pH of 5?
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9
