Question 1

_______ is often the basis for the hypothesis in a research study that utilizes the scientific method.

Accepted Answer

A theory

Question 2

Who is considered the \"father\" of psychology?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 3

_______ set up the first formal psychological lab at the University of Leipzig in Germany and used ________ as the primary research method.

Accepted Answer

Wundt; introspection

Question 4

Edward Titchener was an advocate of ________ while William James was an advocate of _______.

Accepted Answer

structuralism; functionalism

Question 5

One main difference between behaviorism, psychoanalytic theory, and humanistic theory is that

Accepted Answer

of the three, humanistic theory purports that individuals have voluntary influence over their own behavior.

Question 6

_______ examines adaptive behavior changes that humans make to face environmental pressures whereas ________ examines the connection between physiological processes and behaviors to explain differences among individuals.

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary psychology; biological psychology

Question 7

A case study is a(n) ________ in which ________ is/are studied in depth, over a long period of time.

Accepted Answer

descriptive research method; one or a few individuals

Question 8

What two pieces of information can be gathered from looking at the correlation coefficient?

Accepted Answer

The direction and the strength of the relationship between the two variables

Question 9

Why is the experimental method considered the gold standard in research?

Accepted Answer

It allows researchers to infer cause and effect.

Question 10

_______ helps to avoid selection bias whereas ________ helps to avoid a biased sample.

Accepted Answer

Random assignment; random sampling

Question 11

Information that a football is heading directly toward your face is transmitted via ________ neurons while the ability of your arms and hands rising up to prevent you from taking the hit is due to your ________ neurons.

Accepted Answer

sensory; efferent

Question 12

Once neurotransmitters are released into the synapse, which of the following IS NOT an accurate option?

Accepted Answer

The neurotransmitters will adhere to each other and form new synapses.

Question 13

Which of the following is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine plays the primary role in controlling anxiety.

Question 14

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It is devised of the brain and spinal cord.

Question 15

Andrea was pulled over by the police for swerving in and out of her lane as she was driving. She was instructed to get out of her car and answer some questions. Then she was told to walk in a straight line for about ten steps. Finally, she was instructed to touch her finger to the tip of her nose. These tasks are a quick assessment of the functioning of Andrea\'s _______, which is temporarily impaired by consuming too much alcohol.

Accepted Answer

cerebellum

Question 16

A receptionist\'s job is to take incoming phone calls and send them to the appropriate employees so customers\' questions can be answered accordingly. Receptionists also welcome visitors and ensure they speak to whomever they came to visit. Which of the following brain structures would have a job similar to that of a receptionist?

Accepted Answer

thalamus

Question 17

The limbic system includes which two brain structures?

Accepted Answer

hippocampus and amygdala

Question 18

Which of the following structures is NOT located within the cerebrum?

Accepted Answer

substantia nigra

Question 19

Which of the following statements is true regarding right and left hemisphere functioning?

Accepted Answer

Each hemisphere does have some specialized function; however, the hemispheres are in constant contact when a person has an intact corpus callosum.

Question 20

Visual processing is to the ________ lobes as auditory processing is to the ________ lobes.

Accepted Answer

occipital; temporal

Question 21

_______ is a process in which information is taken in through the senses; ________ is a process in which the brain organizes and understands information.

Accepted Answer

Sensation; perception

Question 22

The ________ is reached when you are able to notice that a particular stimulus is actually present.

Accepted Answer

absolute threshold

Question 23

The negative afterimage example provides support for the ________ theory of color vision.

Accepted Answer

opponent-process

Question 24

The ________ allows us to know where our arms are in relation to our legs; the ________ gives us information regarding movement we are experiencing in addition to where our body is in space.

Accepted Answer

kinesthetic sense; vestibular sense

Question 25

We are faced with many sensations throughout the day. The process of sorting through sensations and selecting some of them for further processing is referred to as

Accepted Answer

attention

Question 26

Ross was playing with his daughter Elizabeth on the swing set. As he pushed her swing, their dog began barking at a rabbit in the yard. As Ross focused his attention on the dog, he did not notice the swing was coming his way. As a result, he was nearly knocked over. Ross experienced

Accepted Answer

inattentional blindness

Question 27

MaryLynn is enjoying a get-together at her friend Heather\'s house. There are many people in the room and many different conversations going on. MaryLynn observes the discussions going on but was immediately drawn to a conversation that mentioned her name. She then began to pay attention to that conversation and ignored the other discussions going on around her. MaryLynn has just experienced

Accepted Answer

the cocktail party phenomenon

Question 28

When processing information, choosing to start with the pieces first and then look for patterns refers to ________ whereas looking for the big picture and then breaking it down into manageable components is referred to as _______.

Accepted Answer

bottom-up processing; top-down processing

Question 29

Which of the following would a gestalt psychologist likely be most interested in?

Accepted Answer

the principles of proximity and continuity

Question 30

In terms of perceptual organization, we understand that the ________ happens when a stimulus stands out from its environment; if we understand that objects belong with others because they appear to form a continuous pattern such as a line or wave, we are utilizing the ________ principle of perceptual organization.

Accepted Answer

figure-ground principle; continuity

Question 31

Which of the following individuals is NOT experiencing an altered state of consciousness?

Accepted Answer

George, who is texting while driving his daughter to school

Question 32

The _______, also called the biological clock, consists of a pair of tiny structures in the brain\'s hypothalamus that controls the timing of the circadian rhythms.

Accepted Answer

suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

Question 33

When referring to the circadian rhythm, which of the following reflects the correct order of processing?

Accepted Answer

retina, optic nerve, suprachiasmatic nucleus, melatonin

Question 34

Which theory suggests that we sleep to rest our bodies and minds and rejuvenate ourselves for the next day?

Accepted Answer

the restorative theory of sleep

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT considered a parasomnia?

Accepted Answer

narcolepsy

Question 36

The manner in which 3-year-old Darin woke up in the middle of the night terrified his Dad. He was sitting straight up, his eyes were wide open, his arms were swinging and flailing about, and he was emitting a piercing scream. Darin\'s Dad couldn\'t seem to calm Darin down no matter what he did or said. He also tried to wake Darin, but that did not prove an easy task. After a few minutes of the screaming and flailing, Darin lay back down and fell fast asleep. Which of the following did Darin likely experience?

Accepted Answer

a sleep terror

Question 37

The theory of dreaming that includes symbolism, along with both the manifest and latent content is referred to as the _______.

Accepted Answer

Freudian interpretation of dreams

Question 38

Kylie meditates regularly. Which of the following is NOT supported by research on meditation as one of the benefits?

Accepted Answer

fewer bouts with the influenza virus

Question 39

Morphine and heroin act in a similar way to ________ and are useful in _______.

Accepted Answer

endorphins; pain management

Question 40

_______ such as cocaine and amphetamines copy the effect of ________ thereby activating the sympathetic nervous system.

Accepted Answer

Stimulants; epinephrine

Question 41

The ______ is a learned reaction to a particular object or event.

Accepted Answer

Conditioned response

Question 42

Pat feels fear whenever she sees snow. Not too long ago, she got into a car accident on a snowy road. Identify the two components paired in the learning phase of this classical conditioning example.

Accepted Answer

The snow and the fear

Question 43

What was learned in the case of Little Albert?

Accepted Answer

Fear can be learned via classical conditioning, and that fear can also be generalized.

Question 44

Kenyatta developed the flu on Tuesday night, which included intense stomach cramps and vomiting. She did not know at that point she had the flu and attributed the stomach cramps and vomiting to the cheeseburger she ate Tuesday evening. For some reason now, Kenyatta feels ill just thinking about cheeseburgers and avoids them all together. Kenyatta appears to have developed

Accepted Answer

a taste aversion.

Question 45

Loretta takes two Tylenol to get rid of her aching headache. She can easily recall how well it worked the last few times. This demonstrates the concept of _____.

Accepted Answer

Negative reinforcement

Question 46

Carla is paid for every ten necklaces she makes. This is an example of the _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

Fixed-ratio

Question 47

Which of the following is FALSE regarding punishment?

Accepted Answer

While punishment is an option in changing behaviors, it is usually ineffective.

Question 48

Byron has high blood pressure. His physician attaches sensors to his skin to measure his blood pressure, and shows him the results on a computer screen. The computer plays classical music, but the music fades when his blood pressure goes up. Over several weeks listening to the computer play music, Byron finds that the music fades less and less--his blood pressure is going down. What is the name for this type of treatment?

Accepted Answer

Biofeedback

Question 49

Tanya has been working on a statistics problem for a while now and cannot seem to figure it out. She decides to straighten up her apartment and then come back to the question. When she sits down to look at the problem again, she immediately knows the correct solution. Tanya has just experienced

Accepted Answer

insight

Question 50

Wong is a 5-year-old boy who lives at home with his mom and dad. He has witnessed several incidents of domestic violence between them and has started hitting other kids at school. Based on the information presented, which theory of learning best accounts for Wong\'s aggressive behavior?

Accepted Answer

social-learning theory

Question 51

Based on the information-processing theory, _______ would be an accurate example of hardware whereas _______ would be an accurate example of software.

Accepted Answer

the hippocampus; a learned memory strategy

Question 52

According to the model of memory proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin, the components of memory are

Accepted Answer

sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.

Question 53

Which of the following occurs when someone\'s short-term memory is filled to capacity?

Accepted Answer

Displacement can occur at that point.

Question 54

_______ is a memory strategy that involves an individual repeating something over and over whereas ________ is a memory strategy that involves connecting new information to something already stored in memory.

Accepted Answer

Maintenance rehearsal; elaborative rehearsal

Question 55

Declarative memory includes

Accepted Answer

semantic memory and episodic memory.

Question 56

Conditioned responses you have learned by association are located in your ________ memory; knowing how to ride a bike, though you cannot actively recall learning it, is located within your ________ memory.

Accepted Answer

implicit; nondeclarative

Question 57

Multiple choice exams are to ________ as essay exams are to _______.

Accepted Answer

recognition; recall

Question 58

Adam studies his psychology using note cards. He writes questions on the front of the card and the answers on the back of the card. After he has a stack of note cards completed, he studies them one by one, over and over again. Based on memory research, which of the following statements should NOT be made to Adam to help him maximize his studying?

Accepted Answer

\"Adam, this is not such a great study technique. You\'ll be better off just reading over your notes.\"

Question 59

Kumo always studies at night in her bedroom. When she is taking an exam and cannot remember a particular answer, she often imagines herself in her bedroom. Sometimes that technique helps her to remember the material she studied. Which of the following is Kumo using to assist her memory?

Accepted Answer

the context effect

Question 60

_______ occurs when a person remembers the major portions of an event and then fills in the gaps with what he/she generally believes to be true.

Accepted Answer

Reconstruction

Question 61

A(n) ________ refers to the most likely or most commonly thought of example of an item or object in a concept whereas a(n) ________ is an example of a concept that a person has based on personal experiences.

Accepted Answer

prototype; exemplar

Question 62

Sun tok needs a new car but she can only afford to spend a total of $17,000. While searching for a new car on the dealer\'s website, she first limited the search so only cars that cost $17,000 or less would appear. After that, she was really concerned with having four doors to accommodate her two children, so she again limited the search to only return cars that had four doors. Sun tok is demonstrating which decision making strategy?

Accepted Answer

Elimination by aspects

Question 63

_______ occurs when a person sees only the original use of an object, which can ultimately interfere with problem solving.

Accepted Answer

Functional fixedness

Question 64

_______ refers to the meaning of things like words, phrases, and sentences.

Accepted Answer

Semantics

Wilhelm Wundt: Father of Psychology

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