Argumentative Writing/Counterclaim Paragraphs – Flashcards
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Three types of appeals
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Logical Appeals, Emotional Appeals, and Ethical Appeals
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Emotional appeals
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Appeals to feelings
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Ethical appeals
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Appeals to credibility/ethics
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Logical appeals
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Appeals to reason/logic
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Argumentative Writing
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Writing that uses logic and reason to show that one argument is more valid than another and always uses sound reasoning and solid evidences (logical appeals).
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Persuasive Writing
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Writing that combines facts with emotions to convince the reader that the author is "right" and uses emotional appeals.
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Claim
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This is a person's position on a particular issue. It is an opinion rather than a fact.
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Counterargument
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It expresses the view of a person who disagrees with the writer's position.
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Reasons to include the counterargument
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1. It actually makes the writer's argument stronger. 2. It gives the writer a chance to respond to the reader's objections before they have finished reading the argumentative response. 3. It shows that the writer is a reasonable person who has considered both sides of the debate.
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What is the purpose of a counterclaim paragraph?
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To address the opposite side of the argument and explain why that point of view is wrong.
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Where should you place the counterclaim paragraph in an argumentative essay?
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Place this paragraph after the body paragraphs.
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"Many people [believe, argue, think, suppose] that..."
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A signal phrase you could use for a counterclaim sentence
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"That is an understandable concern; however, ... "
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A signal phrase could you use for a rebuttal sentence
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Counterclaim sentence
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This sentence states one reason why people oppose the author's claim
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Rebuttal sentence
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This sentence states one reason the opposite side is wrong or not strong.
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Rebuttal evidence
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This sentence supports the claim (rebuttal sentence) by providing a quote or passage from the text.
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Rebuttal elaboration
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This sentence explains why the rebuttal evidence is important.
