INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ESSAY QUESTIONS – Flashcards

Agricultural Revolution--changes in methods of farming/stock breeding-->food-->population growth, labor for factories (LOWER PRICES W/LESS LABOR). supply of capital. early industrial entrepreneurs. Relatively high income and GDP per capita. (families could buy manufactured goods) Relatively well-developed Financial Sector. lots of capital. Plentiful Resources for Industrialization. -->iron+coal, rivers. New Technology. Plenty of skilled mechanics were able to produce practical inventions that paved the way for industrialization. Stable Gov. (passed laws that protected private property etc.) Economic Conditions. Oversea colonies and their vast empire allowed them to accumulate the capital necessary

factories=super important before factories humans were used for everything and main cottage industry: people worked at home. in factories humans only needed to manage machines. factory system was possible bc of urbanization. new type of discipline women+children w/no skills were sent to factories entire families moved from cotton industry-->cities

England: first - good transportation, small country, support of gov. etc etc Europe: didn't want to become industrialized difficult transportation/internal barriers traditional investors guild restrictions upheaval because of Napoleon/French Revo ----continental system/ruined trade by the time they were ready machines were too expensive USA: agrarian borrowed from england, after that started to surpass england w/reduced cost and also saving labor yay

Gov beginning of indus.revo in England: stable, promoted freedom and passed laws promoting private property which encouraged entrepreneurs On the continent: gov. used to being part of economic affairs. gov paid for technical education, awarded grants to inventors and foreign entrepreneurs, exempted foreign industrial equipment from import duties, and sometimes even financed factories. paid for cost of building canals and roads, deepening and widening river channels, and constructing railroads. also used tariffs (apply tax on import of foreign goods) later on: as poverty became too intense to ignore started passing laws aka factory acts

beginning: agricultural revolution-->more food-->more living people more people=more labor urbanization happened because everyone moved from the country to the city, whole families, for work in effect cities started to develop

change in family structure: Children=low-cost labor. men become "bread-winners" of the family, while middle class women were encouraged to stay at home to look after the children. as laws passed women were forced to stay at home. before they were working constantly as well or were active during cottage industry living/working conditions of industrial workers: sudden expansion of cities=terrible conditions. rich/middle class moved to suburbs, poor lived in center of industrial areas coalmines-explosions/gas fumes/caveins cotton mills:really hot and bad conditions no minimum wage, etc. children had small hands so they could spin cotton

Trade Unions Grand National Consolidated Trades Union--strike against 8 hrs work day. nobody really supported it so it completely died out and went to single crafts. Amalgamated Society of Engineers --example of successful provisions of generous unemployment benefits inreturn for a small weekly payment was precisely the kind of practical gains thesetrade unions sought

everything is smaller, cramped children/wife have to work to suppor the family no servants tiny house the hygiene is appalling

before the industrial revolution no rigid hierarchy. describe those people below the aristocracy but above the workers ---the businessmen associated with the growth of manufacturing ---increased numbers of small entrepreneurs. ---Shopkeepers and merchants Now, the poor working class was working in the factories, the upper class owned the factories, and the middle class=people who managed others, worked at banks, or were highly skilled craftsmen whose jobs could not be replaced by unskilled lower class workers

Before indus. revo not really existing The working class became very poor, due to the inflation of taxes and due to hard working conditions and very poor diets, their life span went on for only 17 years. Also, the working class faced harsh treatment and very low wages from factory owners. Their homes were FILTHY and CROWDED, another factor that made the working class's life span quite short. In addition, due to the sudden rise in cities, it brought jobs to the working class, bringing in income to support their families. created working class stereotype: stupid, unskilled, not able to fine jobs elsewhere.