CIW lesson 3
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Network
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A group of two or more computers connected so they can communicate with one another.
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Node
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Any entity on a network that can be managed such as a system, repeater, router, gateway, switch or firewall. A computer or other addressable device attached to a network; a host.
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Client
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An individual computer connected to a network. Also, a system or application ( such as a Web browser or user agent) that requests a service from another computer (the server) and is used to access files or documents.
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Server
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A computer in a network that manages the network resources and provides, or serves, information to clients
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Local Area Network (LAN)
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A group of computers connected within a confined geographic area.
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Wide Area Network (WAN)
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A group of computers connected over an expansive geographic area so their users can share files and services.
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Internet
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A worldwide network of interconnected networks.
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Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA)
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A U.S Department of Defense agency that created the global computer network.
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Advanced Research Project Agency Network (ARPANET)
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A computer network, funded by ARPA, that served as the basis for early networking research and was the backbone during the development of the Internet.
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National Science Foundation
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An independent agency of the U.S. government that promotes the advancement of science and engineering.
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Backbones
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The highest level in the computer network hierarchy, to which smaller networks typically connect.
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Gateways
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A node on a network that serves as a portal to other networks.
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World Wide Web
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A set of software programs that enables users to access resources on the internet via hypertext documents
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Hypertext Links
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Highlighted or underlined text that, when clicked, links the user to another location or Web page
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Web Page
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An HTML document containing one or more elements (text, images, hyperlinks) that can be linked to or from other HTML pages
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Web Site
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A world wide web server and its content; includes multiple Web pages.
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Web Browsers
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A software application that enables users to access and view Web site's development.
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Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol(TCP/IP)
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A suite of protocols that turns data into blocks of information called packets, which are then sent across the Internet. The standard protocol used by the internet.
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Packets
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Data processed by protocols so it can be sent across a network.
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Router
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A device that routes packets between networks based on network-layer addresses; determines the best path across a network. Also used to connect separate LANs to form a WAN.
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Internet Service Provider (ISP)
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An organization that maintains a gateway to the internet and rents access to customers on a per-use or subscription
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Modem
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Abbreviation for modulator/ demodulator. An analog devices that enables computers to communicate over telephone lines by translating digital data into audio/ analog signals (on the sending computer) and then back into digital form (on the receiving computer).
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Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
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A communication standard for sending voice, video or data over digital telephone lines.
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Bandwith
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The amount of information, sometimes called traffic, that can be carried on a network at one time. The total capacity of a line. Also, the rate of data transfer over a network connection; measured in bits per second.
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Network interface card (NIC)
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A circuit board within a computer's central processing unit that serves as the interface enabling the computer to connect to a network.
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Wireless access point (AP)
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A device that enables wireless systems to communicate with each other, provided that they are on the same network.
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Standard
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A definition or format that has been approved by a recognized standards organization.
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Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
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A high-speed direct Internet connection that uses all-digital networks.
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xDSL
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Collectively, the variation of Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), which include ADSL, RADSL and HDSL.
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4th generation (4G)
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Wireless phone network capable of delivering high-speed broadband Internet access to mobile devices.
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4G hotspot
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A device that connects a wireless local area network to a wireless phone network at broadband speeds.
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Internet Protocol
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The data transmission standard for the Internet. Every computer connected to the Internet has its own IP address, which enables a packet of data to be delivered to a specific computer.
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Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
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The international organization responsible for allocation of IP addresses. Part of the internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN).
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Hexadecimal
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A base-16 number system that allows large numbers to be displayed fewer characters than if the number were displayed in the regular base-10 system. In hexadecimal, the number 10 is represented as the letter A, 15 is represented as F and 16 is represented as 10.
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Point to Point Protocol
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A protocol that allows a computer to connect to the Internet over a phone line.
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Point to Point Protocol over Ethernet
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A protocol that implements PPP on top of the Ethernet architecture to connect an entire network to the Internet.
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Hypertext Transfer Protocol
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The protocol for transporting HTML documents across the Internet.
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File Transport Protocol
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An internet protocol used to transfer files between computers; allows file transfer without corruption or alteration.
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Electronic mail protocols
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The software that governs interactions between servers and clients
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Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
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The Internet standard protocol for transferring e-mail messages from one computer to another.
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Post Office Protocol (POP)
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A protocol that resides on an incoming mail server. The current version is POP3.
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Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)
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A protocol that resides on an incoming mail server. Similar to POP, but is more powerful. Allows sharing of mailboxes and multiple mail server access. The current version is IMAP4.
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Usenet (User Network)
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A collection of thousands of Internet computers, newsgroups and newsgroup members using Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) to exchange information.
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Newsgroup
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On Usenet, a subject or other topical interest group whose member exchange ideas and opinions. Participants post and receive messages via a news server.
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Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP)
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The internet protocol used by news servers that enables the exchange of newsgroup (Usenet) articles.
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Domain Name System (DNS)
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A system that maps uniquely hierarchical names to specific Internet addresses.
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Domain Name
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An IP address represented in words.
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Host
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A computer that other computers can use to gain information. In network architecture, a host is a client or workstation.
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Fully qualified domain name (FQDN)
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The complete domain name of an internet computer, such as www.CIWcertified.com
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Root-level server
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A server at the highest level of the Domain Name System.
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Domain Name Server
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A server that resolves domain names into IP addresses.
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Virtual Domain
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A hosting service that allows a company to host its domain name on a third-party ISP server.
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Shared Domain
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A hosting service that allows multiple entities to share portions of the same domain name.
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Grid Computing
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The collection of computer resources from multiple locations to reach a common goal.
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Software as a Service
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A delivery model where software and associated data are centrally hosted on the cloud.
