Chromosomes and Meiosis Terminology – Flashcards
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Meiosis 1
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Reduction division
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Meiosis 2
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Copying division
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Homologous chromosomes
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Chromosomes that are the same shape, the same size and contain the same type of genetic information
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Homologous chromosomes
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Chromosomes that are the same shape, the same size and contain the same type of genetic information
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Centosome
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2 centrioles at right angles to each other and former spindle threads
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Centromere
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Holds 2 chromatids together in a chromosome
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Recombinants
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Inner chromatids of a homologous pair of chromosomes that have exchanged genetic material
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Independent assortment
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The random order that homologous chromosomes line up on the equator during metaphase 1
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Diploid
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2 sets of chromosomes , one set from the mother and one set from the father
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Gamete
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Sex cell
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Zygote
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Fertilised egg
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Microsporangium
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Pollen sac
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Megasporangium
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Ovule
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Haploid
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One set of chromosomes, from the mother or the father
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Genetic variation
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Different combinations of genes in cells
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Interphase
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The phase in a cells life cycle where it is performing its normal function
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DNA replication
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DNA molecules make an identical copy at the end of Interphase
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Somatic cell
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Body cell
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Cytoplasmic cleavage
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Cytoplasm splits into 2 daughter cells
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Crossing over
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The exchange of parts of the inner chromatids of a homologous pair of chromosomes during Prophase 1
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Bivalent
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A pair of homologous chromosomes
