question

Face-to-face meeting of the conflicting parties for the purpose of identifying the problem and resolving it through open discussion. (Conflict Resolution Technique)

answer

Problem Solving (Conflict Resolution Technique)

question

Creating a shared goal that cannot be attained without the cooperation of each of the conflicting parties. (Conflict Resolution Technique)

answer

Superordinate Goals (Conflict Resolution Technique)

question

When a conflict is caused by the scarcity of a resource (for example, money, promotion, opportunities, office space), expansion of the resource can create a win-win solution. (Conflict Resolution Technique)

answer

Expansion of Resources (Conflict Resolution Technique)

question

When a conflict is caused by the scarcity of a resource (for example, money, promotion, opportunities, office space), expansion of the resource can create a win-win solution. (Conflict Resolution Technique)

answer

Expansion of Resources (Conflict Resolution Technique)

question

Withdrawal from or suppression of the conflict. (Conflict Resolution Technique)

answer

Avoidance (Conflict Resolution Technique)

question

Playing down differences while emphasizing common interests between the conflicting parties. (Conflict Resolution Technique)

answer

Smoothing (Conflict Resolution Technique)

question

Each party to the conflict gives up something of value. (Conflict Resolution Technique)

answer

Compromise (Conflict Resolution Technique)

question

Management uses its formal authority to resolve the conflict and then communicates its desires to the parties involved. (Conflict Resolution Technique)

answer

Authoritative Command (Conflict Resolution Technique)

question

Changing the formal organization structure and the interaction patterns of conflicting parties through job redesign, transfers, creation of coordinating positions, and the like. (Conflict Resolution Technique)

answer

Altering the structural variable (Conflict Resolution Technique)

question

Using behavioral change techniques such as human relations training to alter attitudes and behaviors that cause conflict (Conflict Resolution Technique)

answer

Altering the human variable (Conflict Resolution Technique)

question

Using ambiguous or threatening messages to increase conflict levels.

answer

Communication (Conflict Stimulation Technique)

question

Adding employees to a group whose backgrounds, values, attitudes, or managerial styles differ from those of present members.

answer

Bringing in the outsiders (Conflict Stimulation Technique)

question

Realigning work groups, altering rules and regulations, increasing interdependence, and making similar structural changes to disrupt the status quo.

answer

Restructuring the organization (Conflict Stimulation Technique)

question

Designating a critic to purposely argue against the majority positions held by the group.

answer

Appointing a devils advocate (Conflict Stimulation Technique)

question

1. Vision and articulation. Has a vision???expressed as an idealized goal???that proposes a future better than the status quo; and is able to clarify the importance of the vision in terms that are understandable to others. 2. Personal risk. Willing to take on high personal risk, incur high costs, and engage in self-sacrifice to achieve the vision. 3. Sensitivity to follower needs. Perceptive of others abilities and responsive to their needs and feelings. 4. Unconventional behavior. Engages in behaviors that are perceived as novel and counter to norms.

answer

Key Characteristics of a Charismatic Leader

question

Leaders who guide or motivate their followers in the direction of established goals by clarifying role and task requirements.

answer

transactional leaders

question

Leaders who inspire followers to transcend their own self-interests and who are capable of having a profound and extraordinary effect on followers.

answer

transformational leaders

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a group that interacts primarily to share information and make decisions to help each member perform within his or her area of responsibility.

answer

Work Group

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generates positive synergy through coordinated effort. The individual efforts result in a level of performance greater than the sum of those individual inputs

answer

Work Team

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Groups of 10 to 15 people who take on responsibilities of their former supervisors.

answer

Self-managed work teams

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Employees from about the same hierarchical level, but from different work areas, who come together to accomplish a task.

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cross-functional teams

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Teams that use computer technology to tie together physically dispersed members in order to achieve a common goal.

answer

Virtual Team

question

An individuals personality is determined by molecular structure of the genes.

answer

Which of the following does the heredity approach state?

question

Thinking

answer

Valerie Sinclair, a climate campaigner at an environmental organization, invariably uses rationale to make decisions for project implementation. She believes that the right decisions can be made only through scrutiny and analysis. Each time she needs to make a decision, she weighs all options before taking action. Which of the following is Sinclairs personality type according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification?

question

It does not have a clear demarcation between different personality types.

answer

What is the major problem with the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator as a measure of personality?

question

Conscientiousness

answer

________ is as important for managers as for front-line employees and, among all Big Five Model traits, is most consistently related to job performance.

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high on self-monitoring

answer

Individuals scoring ________ have a strong ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational factors and can behave differently in different situations.

question

They are more likely than others to be seen as leaders.

answer

Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding people with proactive personalities?

question

They have content and intensity attributes.

answer

Which of the following is true of values?

question

personal discipline

answer

Which of the following is an instrumental value?

question

investigative

answer

John Hollands personality-job fit theory presents six personality types. Which of the following is one of these six types?

question

United States

answer

With reference to the Hofstedes framework, which country scores highest in individualism?

question

Enduring characteristics that describe an individuals behavior.

answer

Personality

question

Factors determined at conception; ones biological, physiological, and inherent psychological makeup.

answer

Heredity

question

Enduring characteristics that describe an individuals behavior.

answer

Personality Traits

question

A personality test that taps four characteristics and classifies people into 1 of 16 personality types. E VS I; S VS N, T VS F, J VS P

answer

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

question

Extraverted individuals are outgoing, sociable, and assertive. Introverts are quiet and shy.

answer

Extraverted (E) versus Introverted (I)

question

Sensing types are practical and prefer routine and order. They focus on details. Intuitives rely on unconscious processes and look at the "big picture."

answer

Sensing (S) versus Intuitive (N).

question

Thinking types use reason and logic to handle problems. Feeling types rely on their personal values and emotions.

answer

Thinking (T) versus Feeling (F).

question

. Judging types want control and prefer their world to be ordered and structured. Perceiving types are flexible and spontaneous.

answer

Judging (J) versus Perceiving (P)

question

A personality assessment model that taps five basic dimensions. Extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability ; openness to experience.

answer

The Big Five Model

question

dimension captures our comfort level with relationships. Extraverts tend to be gregarious, assertive, and sociable. Introverts tend to be reserved, timid, and quiet.

answer

The extraversion

question

dimension refers to an individuals propensity to defer to others. Highly agreeable people are cooperative, warm, and trusting. People who score low on agreeableness are cold, disagreeable, and antagonistic.

answer

The agreeableness

question

dimension is a measure of reliability. A highly conscientious person is responsible, organized, dependable, and persistent. Those who score low on this dimension are easily distracted, disorganized, and unreliable.

answer

The conscientiousness

question

dimension???often labeled by its converse, neuroticism???taps a persons ability to withstand stress. People with positive emotional stability tend to be calm, self-confident, and secure. Those with high negative scores tend to be nervous, anxious, depressed, and insecure.

answer

The emotional stability

question

dimension addresses range of interests and fascination with novelty. Extremely open people are creative, curious, and artistically sensitive. Those at the other end of the category are conventional and find comfort in the familiar.

answer

The openness to experience

question

Bottom-line conclusions individuals have about their capabilities, competence, and worth as a person.

answer

core self-evaluation

question

The degree to which an individual is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance, and believes that ends can justify means.

answer

Machiavellianism

question

The tendency to be arrogant, have a grandiose sense of self-importance, require excessive admiration, and have a sense of entitlement.

answer

narcissism

question

A personality trait that measures an individuals ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational factors.

answer

self-monitoring

question

People who identify opportunities, show initiative, take action, and persevere until meaningful change occurs.

answer

Proactive personality

question

basic convictions that a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end-state of existence.

answer

Values

question

A hierarchy based on a ranking of an individuals values in terms of their intensity.

answer

Value Systems

question

Desirable end-states of existence; the goals a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime.

answer

terminal Values

question

referable modes of behavior or means of achieving ones terminal values.

answer

Instrumental Values

question

A theory that identifies six personality types and proposes that the fit between personality type and occupational environment determines satisfaction and turnover.

answer

Personality Job fit Theory

question

Realistic, Investigative, Social,Conventional, Enterprising and artistic

answer

Hollands Typology of Personality and Congruent Occupations

question

Prefers physical activities that require skill, strength, and coordination Personality Traits:Shy, genuine, persistent, stable, conforming, practical

answer

Realistic

question

Prefers activities that involve thinking, organizing, and understanding Personality Traits: Analytical, original, curious, independent

answer

Investigative

question

Prefers activities that involve helping and developing others Personality Traits: Sociable, friendly, cooperative, understanding

answer

Social

question

Prefers rule-regulated, orderly, and unambiguous activities. Personality Traits: Conforming, efficient, practical, unimaginative, inflexible

answer

Conventional

question

Prefers verbal activities in which there are opportunities to influence others and attain power Personality Traits: Self-confident, ambitious, energetic, domineering

answer

Enterprising

question

Prefers ambiguous and unsystematic activities that allow creative expression Personality Traits: Imaginative, disorderly, idealistic, emotional, impractical

answer

Artistic

question

A national culture attribute that describes the extent to which a society accepts that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally.

answer

power distance

question

A national culture attribute that describes the degree to which people prefer to act as individuals rather than as members of groups.

answer

individualism

question

A national culture attribute that describes a tight social framework in which people expect others in groups of which they are a part to look after them and protect them.

answer

collectivism

question

A national culture attribute that describes the extent to which the culture favors traditional masculine work roles of achievement, power, and control. Societal values are characterized by assertiveness and materialism.

answer

Masculinity

question

A national culture attribute that indicates little differentiation between male and female roles; a high rating indicates that women are treated as the equals of men in all aspects of the society.

answer

Femininity

question

national culture attribute that describes the extent to which a society feels threatened by uncertain and ambiguous situations and tries to avoid them.

answer

uncertainty avoidance

question

A national culture attribute that emphasizes the future, thrift, and persistence.

answer

long-term orientation

question

A national culture attribute that emphasizes the past and present, respect for tradition, and fulfillment of social obligations.

answer

short-term orientation

question

Our perception of reality can be different from the objective reality.

answer

Which of the following statements is true regarding perception?

question

An employee was fired from work because he violated a company policy.

answer

Which of the following is an example of internally caused behavior?

question

fundamental attribution error

answer

Which of the following terms best describes the tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others?

question

selective perception

answer

You are more likely to notice a car like your own due to ________.

question

stereotyping

answer

Rose needs to give a presentation to the board of directors of her organization next week. She knows that her presentation will play an important role in her performance appraisal in the next quarter. However, she knows that two of her colleagues, John and Keith, will also be giving a presentation on the same issue. She is nervous because she believes that men have a better flair for giving presentations. Roses perception of John and Keith is most likely characterized by

question

bounded rationality

answer

A process of making decisions by constructing simplified models that extract the essential features from problems without capturing all their complexity is known as ________.

question

Availability

answer

________ bias refers to the tendency for people to base their judgments on information that is easily accessible.

question

Escalation of commitment

answer

________ refers to staying with a decision even when there is clear evidence its wrong.

question

utilitarianism

answer

According to the concept of ________, decisions are made solely on the basis of their outcomes, ideally to provide the greatest good for the greatest number.

question

Whistle Blower

answer

Individuals who report unethical practices by their employer to outsiders are known as ________.

question

physiological

answer

Which level of Maslows hierarchy of needs deals with satisfying ones hunger, thirst, and other bodily needs?

question

She will strictly control all the details of any project she is managing.

answer

If Alberta is a categorized as a Theory X manager, which of the following behaviors is she most likely to exhibit?

question

competence and positive connections

answer

Self-determination theory proposes that in addition to being driven by a need for autonomy, people seek ways to achieve ________.

question

People do better when they get feedback on how well they are progressing toward their goals.

answer

Which of the following statements is true regarding goal-setting theory?

question

enactive mastery

answer

Which of the following sources of increasing self-efficacy involves gaining relevant experience with a particular task or job?

question

She is going to give students extra credit each time that they contribute. Answer:

answer

Helen, a high school teacher, wants her students to actively participate more in class. She has decided to use reinforcement theory to get the required results. Which of the following methods is she most likely to use?

question

outcome-input ratio

answer

in equity theory, individuals assess the ________.

question

distributive

answer

Jackie thinks that she is paid a lot less than other employees in her division and feels extremely resentful. She starts taking long breaks and generally wastes time. Her actions resulted from a perceived lack of ________ justice.

question

performance-reward

answer

Oscar is looking for a new job. He used to be the companys top sales representative and was eagerly expecting to be promoted. However, one of the regional managers friends was promoted to district manager instead. According to the expectancy theory, Oscars dissatisfaction with his current job stems from a breakdown in the ________ relationship.

question

An employee works hard in order to be relocated to the Paris office but instead is transferred to Beijing.

answer

With reference to the expectancy theory, which of the following examples indicates a weak rewards-personal goals relationship?

question

They are marked by stipulated behaviors in pursuit of organizational goals.

answer

Which of the following is true regarding formal groups?

question

performing

answer

When the group energy is focused on the task at hand and the group is fully functional, it is said to be in the stage of ________.

question

role conflict

answer

Michael is devout and very active in his church. He is also a very dedicated employee. His manager offers him a promotion but the new role will require him to work Sundays. Michael would like the promotion, but realizes that it would force him to miss some church activities. In this situation, Michael is most likely to experience ________.

question

Widespread deviant workplace behavior depends on the accepted norms of the group.

answer

Which of the following is true with regard to deviant workplace behavior?

question

As compared to smaller groups, larger groups are better in problem solving.

answer

Which of the following statements is true regarding the effect of size of the group has on the performance of the group?

question

ensuring that individual contributions to the groups outcome are identified

answer

Which of the following is an effective means of countering social loafing?

question

acceptance of solution

answer

When ________ is of importance in decision making, group decisions are preferred to individual decisions.

question

seeking input from employees before the group leader presents his opinions

answer

Which of the following steps can be taken by a manager so as to minimize groupthink?

question

groupshift

answer

The HR department at Bailey Services is considering offering telecommuting as an option to some experienced employees. At a meeting to formalize the move, the heads of the different departments met with Laura Watson, the HR manager. Laura, who thought this meeting would be a short one, was proven wrong when all the members, who had previously agreed that telecommuting would work in their company, began coming up with divergent views. By the end, two divisions claimed having major concerns about allowing employees to telecommute, and those in favor of it were equally vocal. This scenario depicts the operation of ________.

question

functional

answer

According to the interactionist view, ________ conflicts support the goals of the group and improve its performance.

question

kept low

answer

For process conflict to be productive, it must be ________.

question

managed

answer

The ________ view of conflict focuses on productive resolution of conflicts.

question

perceived and felt

answer

Stage II of the conflict process deals with the conflict being ________.

question

avoiding

answer

Lukes cubicle neighbor Leia, though an understanding and great co-worker, talks loudly on the phone. Luke gets annoyed every time Leias phone rings, but he has decided its simply not worth the trouble to talk to her about it. Lukes conflict-handling intention is called ________.

question

bringing in outsiders

answer

Which of the following is a conflict-stimulation technique?

question

reduces group cohesiveness

answer

Conflict is dysfunctional when it ________.

question

distributive bargaining

answer

As both sides agree that they are competing over a fixed amount of resources, each side feels that what one side wins, the other loses. Based on this information, we can say that the two sides are engaged in ________.

question

preparation and planning

answer

Which of the following is the first step in the negotiation process?

question

bargaining and problem-solving

answer

During which phase of the negotiation process do the parties have the actual discussion to hash out an agreement?

question

Work teams generate a potential for an organization to generate greater outputs with no increase in inputs, while work groups cannot perform this function.

answer

Which of the following accurately differentiates between work groups and work teams?

question

In the case of self-managed work teams, supervisory positions take on decreased importance.

answer

Which of the following statements is true regarding self-managed work teams?

question

company reputation

answer

Which of the following is not one of the key components of effective teams?

question

climate of trust

answer

Araceli is a team member in a large corporation. She never speaks in team meetings because she has seen members talk behind each others backs after the meetings. Members are constantly monitoring the other members work and looking for mistakes to point out in a meeting. According to the information provided, which contextual factor is lacking in Aracelis team?

question

conscientiousness

answer

People scoring high on ________ are valuable in teams because theyre good at backing up fellow team members and at sensing when their support is truly needed.

question

When teams have excess members, cohesiveness declines.

answer

Which of the following statements is true regarding size of teams?

question

helping the team achieve small successes

answer

Which of the following is most likely to increase team efficacy?

question

dissimilar mental models

answer

With a deadline approaching, all seven members of Sharons product development team were working round-the-clock and still the work was not completed in time. After the project was completed, Sharon spoke individually with the members to determine the cause for this delay. Many members complained saying the work given to them was not in accordance with their roles, some were unclear about which team member to approach when faced with a problem, and many underestimated the time and effort the project demanded. This team is characterized by ________.

question

relationship conflicts

answer

Which of the following must be avoided if one wants to create and maintain an effective team?

question

the work is simple and does not require diverse input

answer

Work should be performed by an individual if ________.

question

low risk taking

answer

Manuel is a manager for a manufacturing company in which managers are expected to fully document all decisions, and it is important to provide detailed data to support any recommendations. Also, out-of-the-box thinking is dissuaded. Which characteristic of organizational culture describes this aspect of Manuels job?

question

cohesiveness and organizational commitment

answer

A strong culture should reduce employee turnover, because it results in ________.

question

organizational climate

answer

Grace works for a pet store where everyone is committed to the happiness of the animals. Often employees, bosses, and hourly workers alike, come into the store "off the clock" and spend time training the animals. Everyone loves the store, the animals, and their jobs. This attitude of her co-workers inspires Grace to do her best. Based on this information, we can say that Grace is experiencing the effects of ________.

question

the organizations environment is dynamic

answer

Culture is most likely to be a liability when ________.

question

establishing norms that filter down through the organization

answer

Top management has a major impact on the organizations culture by ________.

question

Socialization

answer

________ is a process that helps new employees adapt to the prevailing organizational culture.

question

metamorphosis

answer

When you start to accept the differences between your expectations and the reality of the organization, you move into the ________ stage of socialization.

question

Stories

answer

Bruce is new at Wayne Corp., but after a week he already knows that the founder of the corporation started the business in his garage with only $4,000 and one client. This information was most likely transmitted to Bruce by way of ________.

question

building on employee strengths

answer

Larry has an employee who is amazing at clearly seeing rules and enforcing them. He has recently promoted her to the lead position in quality assurance. Which method of creating a positive organizational culture is Larry utilizing?

question

recognize that people seek to find meaning and purpose in their work

answer

Organizations that promote a spiritual culture ________.

question

the personal qualities and characteristics that differentiate leaders from non-leaders

answer

Trait theories of leadership focus on ________.

question

extraversion.

answer

Which of the following Big Five personality traits has been identified as the most important trait in effective leaders?

question

high in initiating structure

answer

Adrian Atwood, a senior manager at MNC, spends a lot of his time assigning group members to particular tasks and scheduling their work such that deadlines are achievable. Adrian also sets high expectations for standards of performance, and holds regular meetings to ensure that productivity and quality are up to the mark. In the light of the Ohio State Studies, this indicates that Adrian, as a leader, is ________.

question

employee-oriented

answer

Maurice Harper is a friendly and warm manager who starts her day at work by personally greeting her colleagues and subordinates. Maurice is often seen listening sincerely to employees concerns and problems. She takes the initiative to hold programs to renew and improve the skills of current employees. Most of her employees know that she is accessible for help and information at all times. Maurice is a (n) ________ leader.

question

situational variables

answer

Contingency theories focus on the ________ that impact leadership success.

question

situational leadership theory

answer

Which of the following theoretical approaches in the study of leadership focuses on followers readiness as a determinant of effective leadership?

question

charismatic leadership theory

answer

Which theory of leadership proposes that followers attribute heroic or extraordinary leadership abilities when they observe certain behaviors?

question

building consensus among employees

answer

Transformational leaders enhance performance of employees by ________.

question

trust

answer

The primary quality produced by authentic leadership is ________.

question

attribution theory

answer

The president of a small Asian country was hailed as a visionary and a genius when the nations economy burgeoned during his first term in office. However, when the currency and the stock markets crashed during his governments second term, he was censured as arrogant, elitist, and shortsighted. Which of the following theoretical approaches is reflected here?

question

leading

answer

Johanna Reid, a campaign manager at a child rights organization, recently started working on an illiteracy project. During the project, she needs to motivate team members to attain their project milestones and direct them through different phases of the project. Which of the following kinds of functions will these tasks be covered under?

question

liaison

answer

Regina George works as a campaign manager in a not-for-profit organization in Hampshire. For the upcoming campaign against genetic engineering, she is networking with managers who are working on the issue of food safety. Through her network of contacts, she strives to gain information about the stakeholders in the food industry and other lobby groups. Which of the following roles is George most likely to be playing according to Mintzbergs classification of managerial roles?

question

human skills

answer

The ability to understand, communicate with, motivate, and support other people, both individually and in groups, may be defined as ________.

question

decision making

answer

According to Fred Luthans and his associates, managers involved in traditional management activities undertook which of the following tasks?

question

networking

answer

According to Fred Luthans and his associates study of 450 managers, ________ made the largest contribution to the success of managers in terms of speed of promotion within their organization.

question

It focuses on downward influence on followers.

answer

Which of the following is true with regard to leadership?

question

reward power

answer

As a regional sales officer, one of Brandons job responsibilities is to process the yearly appraisal forms of his subordinates and provide them with increments, bonuses, or benefits based on their performance that year. This job responsibility directly reflects his ________.

question

the goods have substitutes

answer

Dependence would be low when ________.

question

pressure

answer

Which of the following power tactics uses warnings and threats and is typically the least effective of all the power tactics?

question

Rational persuasion

answer

________ is the only tactic effective across organizational levels.

question

use objective criteria

answer

To avoid politicking during performance evaluations, an organization should ________.

question

defensive behaviors

answer

Reactive and protective behaviors designed to avoid action, blame, or change are termed ________.

question

Counterproductivity

answer

Which of the following terms refers to the actions that actively damage the organization, including stealing, behaving aggressively toward co-workers, or being late or absent?

question

Traits

answer

Which of the following is the least predictive set of criteria used to evaluate employees?

question

360 degree evaluation

answer

The approach to evaluation that uses feedback from those who have daily contact with an employee (everyone from mailroom personnel to customers to bosses to peers) is termed ________.

question

the focus of the evaluation will center on key behaviors

answer

If a manager uses critical incidents as a method of performance evaluation, then ________.

question

Forced comparison

answer

________ involves evaluating ones performance against the performance of one or more others.

question

Due Process

answer

The concept of ________ can be applied to appraisals to increase the perception that employees are treated fairly.

question

fear of confrontation

answer

Marcel hates the annual review process he has to do for the employees in his department. Although he is fully aware of some of his employees faults, he is reluctant to discuss them in person, and is only comfortable writing them in an unsigned report that his supervisor will review. Marcels behavior demonstrates ________.

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