question

Which of these equations best summarizes photosynthesis?

answer

6 CO2 + 6 H2O > C6H12O6 + 6 O2

question

If photosynthesizing green algae are provided with CO2 synthesized with heavy oxygen (18O), later analysis will show that all but one of the following compounds produced by the algae contain the 18O label. That one is...

answer

O2

question

Which of the following are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the Calvin cycle?

answer

ATP and NADPH

question

Which of the following are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the Calvin cycle?

answer

ATP and NADPH

question

Where does the Calvin cycle take place?

answer

stroma of the chloroplasts

question

When oxygen is released as a result of photosynthesis, it is a by-product of which of the following

answer

splitting the water molecules

question

True or false? The chemiosmotic hypothesis states that the synthesis of ATP generates a proton gradient that leads to electron flow through an electron transport chain.

answer

false

question

According to the chemiosmotic hypothesis, what provides the energy that directly drives ATP synthesis?

answer

proton gradient

question

Which of the following particles can pass through the ATP synthase channel?

answer

protons

question

True or false? The region of ATP synthase that catalyzes the production of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate spans the chloroplast membrane.

answer

false

question

Chloroplast membrane vesicles are equilibrated in a simple solution of pH 5. The solution is then adjusted to pH 8. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from these experimental conditions?

answer

ATP will not be produced because there is no ADP and inorganic phosphate in the solution

question

Which process produces oxygen?

answer

photosynthesis

question

What is the biological significance of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?

answer

they convert CO2 into sugar

question

Which statement describes the functioning of photosystem II?

answer

the electron vacancies in P680 are filled by electrons derived from water

question

As a research scientist, you measure the amount of ATP and NADPH consumed by the Calvin cycle in 1 hour. You find 30,000 molecules of ATP consumed, but only 20,000 molecules of NADPH. Where did the extra ATP molecules come from?

answer

cyclic electron flow

question

Assume a thylakoid is somehow punctured so that the interior of the thylakoid is no longer separated from the stroma. This damage will have the most direct effect on which of the following processes?

answer

the synthesis of ATP

question

What does the chemiosmotic process in chloroplasts involve?

answer

establishment of a proton gradient

question

In a plant cell, where are the ATP synthase complexes located?

answer

thylakoid membrane and inner mitochondrial space

question

In mitochondria, chemiosmosis translocates protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space, whereas in chloroplasts, chemiosmosis translocates protons from

answer

the stroma to the thylakoid space

question

Synthesis of ATP by the chemiosmotic mechanism occurs during

answer

both photosynthesis and respiration

question

Reduction of NADP+ occurs during

answer

photosynthesis

question

Generation of proton gradients across membranes occurs during

answer

both photosynthesis and respiration

question

Which of the following statements best represents the relationships between the light reactions and the Calvin cycle?

answer

the light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the calvin cycle, and the cycle returns ADP, Pi, and NADP+ to the light reactions

question

What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle?

answer

synthesize simple sugars from carbon dioxide

question

The pH of the inner thylakoid space has been measured, as have the pH of the stroma and of the cytosol of a particular plant cell. Which, if any, relationship would you expect to find?

answer

the pH within the thylakoid is less of that within the stoma

question

The light reactions of photosynthesis supply the Calvin cycle with

answer

ATP and NADPH

question

Which of the following sequences correctly represents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis?

answer

H2O > NADPH > calvin cycle

question

In mechanism, photophosphorylation is most similar to

answer

oxidative phosphorylation is cellular respiration

question

Which of the following statements is a correct distinction between autotrophs and heterotrophs?

answer

Autotrophs, but not heterotrophs, can nourish themselves beginning with CO2 and other nutrients that are inorganic

question

The light reactions of photosynthesis use _____ and produce _____.

answer

water and NADPH

question

Which term describes ATP production resulting from the capture of light energy by chlorophyll?

answer

photophosphorylation

question

True or false? The chemiosmotic hypothesis states that the synthesis of ATP generates a proton gradient that leads to electron flow through an electron transport chain.

answer

false

question

True or false? The region of ATP synthase that catalyzes the production of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate spans the chloroplast membrane.

answer

false

question

Which process produces oxygen?

answer

photosynthesis

question

Which set of reactions uses H2O and produces O2?

answer

light-dependent reactions

question

What is the importance of the light-independent reactions in terms of carbon flow in the biosphere?

answer

the light-independent reactions turn CO2, a gas, into usable carbon in the form of sugars

question

True or false? The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis use water and produce oxygen.

answer

true

question

Which of the following molecules is the primary product of photosystem I?

answer

NADPH

question

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between the light-dependent and light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?

answer

the light-dependent reactions produce ATP and NADPH, which are then used by light-independent reactions

question

Which of the following reactions ensures that the Calvin cycle can make a continuous supply of glucose?

answer

regeneration of RuBP

question

The reaction-center chlorophyll of photosystem I is known as P700 because

answer

this pigment is best at absorbing light with a wavelength of 700 nm

question

Which of the following are directly associated with photosystem I?

answer

receiving electrons from plastocyanin

question

What are the products of linear photophosphorylation?

answer

ATP and NADPH

question

Where are the molecules of the electron transport chain found in plant cells?

answer

thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts

question

Synthesis of ATP by the chemiosmotic mechanism occurs during

answer

both photosynthesis and respiration

question

Reduction of oxygen which forms water occurs during

answer

respiration

question

Reduction of NADP+ occurs during

answer

photosynthesis

question

Generation of proton gradients across membranes occurs during

answer

both photosynthesis and respiration

question

Carotenoids are often found in foods that are considered to have antioxidant properties in human nutrition. What related function do they have in plants?

answer

they dissipate excessive light energy

question

Where do the enzymatic reactions of the Calvin cycle take place?

answer

stroma of the chloroplast

question

In the carbon fixation phase of the Calvin cycle, Rubisco attaches a molecule of carbon dioxide to a molecule containing five carbons. The resulting six-carbon compound is then split into two three-carbon molecules. After the reduction phase (including the exit of a single glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate molecule), what needs to happen next to complete a turn of the Calvin cycle?

answer

regeneration of the five-carbon-containing molecule

question

The light reactions of photosynthesis supply the Calvin cycle with

answer

ATP and NADPH

question

Which process is most directly driven by light energy?

answer

removal of electrons from chlorophyll molecules

question

Which of the following does not occur during the Calvin cycle?

answer

release of oxygen

question

An organism that is able to capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food.

answer

autotroph

question

A process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, normally from the Sun, into chemical energy that can be later released to fuel the organisms activities.

answer

photosynthesis

question

An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products.

answer

heterotrophs

question

first stage of photosynthesis in which light energy from the sun is captured and changed into chemical energy that is stored in ATP and NADPH (another energy carrying molecule

answer

light reactions

question

Organelle where photosynthesis takes place

answer

chloroplast

question

A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast, used to convert light energy into chemical energy.

answer

thylakoid

question

a series of chemical reactions in which the product of one reaction is consumed in the next reaction

answer

biochemical pathway

question

Stacks of thylakoids, called ____________________, are suspended in the stroma of chloroplasts.

answer

grana

question

In plants, the solution that surrounds the thylakoids in a chloroplast.

answer

stroma

question

Light energy that can be seen and can be broken into the colors of the rainbow.

answer

visible spectrum

question

light-absorbing molecules

answer

pigments

question

-green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy in photosynthesis

answer

chlorophylls

question

absorbs less blue light and but more red light Only pigment that can participate directly in the light reactions.

answer

chlorophyll a

question

absorbs mainly blue and orange light and participates indirectly in the light reactions

answer

chlorophyl b

question

An accessory pigment, either yellow or orange, in the chloroplasts of plants. By absorbing wavelengths of light that chlorophyll cannot, carotenoids broaden the spectrum of colors that can drive photosynthesis.

answer

carotenoids

question

clusters of chlorophyll and proteins located on the thylakoid membrane.

answer

photosystems

question

The section in the light reactions whose primary function is to recharge NADP+ into NADPH is called _______________ _______.

answer

photosystem 1

question

photons are taken in and used to split h2o in order to get electrons to move h+

answer

photsystem 2

question

Specialized molecule that shares a reaction center with the chlorophyll a molecule in the light reaction. traps high energy electron before it can return to ground state in the chlorophyll.

answer

primary electron acceptor

question

Series of chemical reactions in the thylakoid membrane or inner mitochondrial membrane during which hydrogens or their electrons are passed along with the release of energy

answer

electron transport chain

question

the process in which an ion gradient is created to use atp synthase to produce ATP

answer

chemiosmosis

question

/*----------- converts light energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of organic compounds through a series of reactions known as ---------------

answer

Photosynthesis ,biochemical pathways

question

The oxygen (O2) and some of the organic compounds produced by photosynthesis are used by cells in a process called ------- -------

answer

cellular respiration

question

The incorporation of CO2 from the air into organic molecules is called ___________ __________.

answer

carbon fixation

question

a carbon-fixing process in which carbon dioxide is bound to a compound to form a four-carbon intermediate

answer

c4 pathway

question

carbon fixation that occurs at night; CO2 is later released for use in the Calvin cycle during the day

answer

CAM pathway

question

Factors that affect photosynthesis

answer

light intensity, carbon dioxide levels, temperature

question

light reaction and calvin cycle are stages of

answer

stages of photosynthesis

question

reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugars

answer

calvin cycle

question

Name the part of the chloroplast where the Calvin cycle takes place?

answer

stoma, chloroplast

question

T or F C3 plants can usually survive arid conditions better than C4 plants can?

answer

F

question

As light intensity increases the rate of photosynthesis_____ and then_____ off at a maxiumum

answer

increases, levels

question

As temperature increases the rate of photosynthesis ______ to a maximum and then ________ with further rises of temperature

answer

increases,decreases

question

Photosynthesis occurs in two stages the _______ and ______

answer

light reactions and calvin cycle

question

light reactions occur in _______ and_________ which contain ____________ which transfers energy to _____ that boosts electrons to _________ ___________ ____________

answer

photosystem I, photosystem II, accessory pigments.chlorophyll ,electron transport chain

question

light reactions during which______ ____ can catalyze _______

answer

ATP synthase, chemiosmosis

question

light reactions use

answer

light, water, protons and electrons from water,NADP;ADP

question

light reaction produced

answer

oxygen, ATP, and NADPH

question

light reaction produced

answer

oxygen, ATP, and NADPH

question

light reaction produced

answer

oxygen, ATP, and NADPH

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