Anglo-Saxon Notes – Flashcards
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Picts
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Women heritage, painted people, Northern Britain, lack of clothing, excess of jewelry (scare tactic)
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Geals
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Hunter and gatherers -introduced iron, welsh and Gaelic, loyal to higher up's
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Animism
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Spirits everywhere
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Druids
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TOLD history (had to memorize it), were judges, religious sacrificers, intermediaries, educated cheiftan sons
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Claudius
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Wrote an elaborate story about "his conquest" of Britain
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Roman contributions to Britain
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Roads, trade, military, 73 mile long "wall" (was incomplete -stopped because it was too time consuming and expensive), christainity, government, public baths, and city names
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Camp
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Castra (Lancaster, Winchester)
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Romans left Anglo-Saxon society when and why?
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409 because of trouble at home
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What stayed in tact after Romans left? Did not?
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Stayed in tact=roads and wall Did not= government and religion (went back to old ways)
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Veordenager
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Celt leader, hired mercenaries (angles and saxons and jutes), to fight off attacks (because of Romans leaving them weak)
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Angles and Saxons....
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Take over starting Angle-Saxon era, Jutes got pushed away :(
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Witen
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Say who is king and "advises" him (group of elders)
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Four classes....
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Earls: ruling warlords who were assigned by king and position is, then, hereditary Freeman(Thanes): Earned land through military service and could participate in trade Cheuris(Serf): Bounded to land, take care of it Thralls: slaves and criminals, obtained from war POSITIONS CAN CHANGE
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Controlled life?
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Wyrd (Fate)
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Day's of the week because of anglo-saxon words
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Tiw's day Woden's day Thunor's/Thor's day Frila's/Frya's day
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Ways christainity spread to A-S
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Rome St. Augustine, carter St. Patrick- Ireland King AE the bevht from Kent
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Christainity?
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Monasteries were centers of learning, unified under, hope past death
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Alfred "the Great"
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Education, defeated vikings after 50 years, conquered areas for A-S, Edward ---->Alfred united
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Celts
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Women were strong
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A-S
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Male dominate with women in background
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Alfred: Anglo-Saxon Chronicles
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Responsible for historical record in english, not latin known as "Anglo-Saxon Chronicles"
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Mede
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Ethesiacal, History of English People
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William the Conqueror
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Duke of Normandy- fought Herold of Wessex (Battle of Hastings)
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lof
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To be remembered after death
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Mead hall
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Center of celebration
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Most valued Qualities:
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-Courage, strength, generosity, loyalty
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Werguild
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"Blood money" offer money to tribe for penance for death in battle to keep other acts of aggression away
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Epic
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A long narrative poem that recounts, in formal language, the exploits of a larger than life hero
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Epic hero
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Embodies the ideals of his people Always represents good Has great physical strength
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Epic (second set of notes)
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Characteristics (in mediasres=in the middle of things the setting is vast= hero has to travel Epithets= descriptive phrase or title (William Shakespeare "the Bard") Contains long lists Use of long formal language speeches Divine intervention Her descend into underworld Super human deeds are accomplished ubisunt= where the heroes calling out for "where are they" constant change
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What are the dates of the Anglo-Saxon era? What happened on these dates?
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449-1066 AD (Also 450-1066) 449: Angles, saxons, and jutes invade 1066: Normans defeat saxons, William the conqueror becomes english king
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What are the three germanic tribes that invaded England?
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Angles, Saxons, and Justes
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Who were the first recorded peoples in England? From where did they come?
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Celts Southern Europe
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What were the two groups of the Celts? Where did they settle?
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Britons/Brythons (settled in modern day Britain, largest island) Gaels (Hunters and farmers) (settled in Ireland, second largest island)
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What were the celtic priests called? What did they do?
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Druids TOLD history (had to memorize it), were judges, religious sacrificers, intermediaries, educated cheiftan sons
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Which roman general is credited with conquering Britain?
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Claudius Gladius
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Roman contributions to Britain?
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Roads, trade, military, 73 mile long "wall" (was incomplete -stopped because it was too time consuming and expensive), christainity, government, public baths, and city names
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When and why did they withdraw from Britain?
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409 AD, trouble at home
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In Anglo-Saxon society, the council of elders was known as what? What was its function?
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Witen to advise the king and say who is the king
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What were the four classes of people in the Anglo-Saxon social structure?
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Earls: ruling warlords who were assigned by king and position is, then, hereditary Freeman(Thanes): Earned land through military service and could participate in trade Cheuris(Serf): Bounded to land, take care of it Thralls: slaves and criminals, obtained from war
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According to Anglo-Saxons, what controlled human life?
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Wyrd (fate)
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We get our names for the days of the week from the Anglo-Saxons. Tell from where each of the following days gets its name.
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Tiw's day Woden's day Thunor's/Thor's day Frila's/Frya's day
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How did christianity come to England?
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Rome Augustine of Canterburry Celtic Christainity Irish Missions Great Britain and Contievtel Europe
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The first Anglo-Saxon king to convert to Christianity was who?
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Ætherht
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Name at least three contributions the church made to Anglo-Saxon society?
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Monasteries were centers of learning, unified under, hope past death
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Definition of: Manuscripts
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A book/document written by hand (by scribes)
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Scribes
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A person who copied manuscripts under the church
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illuminations
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Lighting
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The book of kells
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An illuminated manuscript Gospel book (in latin) 4 gospels of the New Testament
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scoops
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Small owl with aigretts or "horns"
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"father of English history"
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Venerable Bede
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Who is the only english king to add "the great" to his name?
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Alfred "the great"
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Which great Celtic chieftain fought hordes of advancing Anglo-Saxons?
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Arthur
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By what name do modern readers know this warrior? Hwere was he defeated?
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Arthur Britain
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How are Celtic myths, legends, and stories different from the myths, legends, and stories of the Anglo-Saxons?
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A-S: Male dominated, women in background Celts: Strong women
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What was the name of the historical record begun by Alfred?
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Anglo Saxon Chronicles
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What contributions to education did Alfred make?
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His historical record was in old english, their own language, instead of in Latin
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Who is William the Conqueror? Whom did he defeat and where?
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Duke of Normandy- fought Herold of Wessex (Battle of Hastings)
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What is lof?
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to be remembered after death
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Anglo-Saxon society was built around what social group?
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Germanic Tribes
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In Anglo-Saxon culture and mythology, what creature is considered to be the "death the devourer" and the protector of th efuneral mound?
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dragon
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What was considered to be the center of Anglo-Saxon culture?
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Mead Hall
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What is the name of Bede's history of England?
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father of English History
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Name the knigdoms of Anglo-Saxon England
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Kent, East Anglia, Sussex, Wessex, Mercia, and Northumbria (and Cornwall and wells)
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Celtic religion was a spirit-based religion known as what?
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Animism
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What is the language of the common man called?
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Cernacular english
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Roman influence in Britain can be found in place names What is the latin root and its Anglo forms for Camp?
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Castra
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When Vikings came, the claimed much of the Anglo-Saxon territory in central Britain. What was the name of their territory?
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Wessex
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Who is Edward the Confessor, and what is his connection to William the Conqueror?
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King, William his heir and cousins
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Who was the last Saxon king? Why did he loose his throne
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Herold of Wessex-Battle of hastings, was less prepared (Lost to William the Conqueror)
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What does the word Viking mean
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one who comes from the Fjords
