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Dromons

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A dromon was a type of galley and the most important warship of the Byzantine navy from the 5th to 12th centuries AD, when they were succeeded by Italian-style galleys.

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Mare Nostrum

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Mare Nostrum was a Roman name for the Mediterranean Sea.

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Piggy-back Trade

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Basically when the Romans or whoever would get goods shipped because there was extra room to fill on cargo ships. Something like that.

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Sea People

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conjectured groups of seafaring raiders, usually thought to originate from either western Anatolia or southern Europe, specifically a region of the Aegean Sea. They are conjectured to have sailed around the eastern Mediterranean and invaded Anatolia, Syria, Canaan, Cyprus, and Egypt toward the end of the Bronze Age.

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Pygmalion

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a Cypriot sculptor who carved a woman out of ivory. According to Ovid, after seeing the Propoetides he was "not interested in women",[3] but his statue was so fair and realistic that he fell in love with it.

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Vandals

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an East Germanic tribe, or group of tribes, who were first heard of in southern Poland, but later moved around Europe establishing kingdoms in Spain and later North Africa in the 5th century.

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Naumachia

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in the Ancient Roman world referred to both the staging of naval battles as mass entertainment and the basin (or more broadly, the complex) in which this took place.

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Carthage

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was the Phoenician city-state of Carthage. During the 7th to 3rd centuries BC, its sphere of influence, the so-called Carthaginian Empire, extended over much of the coast of North Africa as well as substantial parts of coastal Iberia and the islands of the western Mediterranean.

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Hannibal

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was a Punic Carthaginian military commander, generally considered one of the greatest military commanders in history

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Levant

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is an approximate historical geographical term referring to a large area in the eastern Mediterranean. In its widest historical sense, the Levant included all of the eastern Mediterranean with its islands

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Murex mollusk

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This species, like many other species in the family Muricidae, can produce a secretion which is milky and without color when fresh but which turns into a powerful and lasting dye when exposed to the air. This was the mollusc species used by the ancients to produce Tyrian purple fabric dye.

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The Demes

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was a suburb of Athens or a subdivision of Attica, the region of Greece surrounding Athens. Demes as simple subdivisions of land in the countryside seem to have existed in the 6th century BC and earlier

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Monopsony

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is a market form in which only one buyer interfaces with many would-be sellers of a particular product.

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Greek orthodoxy

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is a term referring to the body of several Churches[5][6][7] within the larger communion of Eastern Orthodox Christianity, whose liturgy is or was traditionally conducted in Koine Greek,[8] the original language of the New Testament,[9][10] and whose history, traditions, and theology are rooted in the early Church Fathers and the Byzantine Empire.

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Pentekontura

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was an ancient Greek galley in use since the archaic period. In an alternative meaning, the term was also used for a military commander of fifty men in ancient Greece.[2]

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Cadiz

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City in Spain

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Icons

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is generally a flat panel painting depicting Jesus Christ, Mary, saints and/or angels, which is venerated among Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, and in certain Eastern Catholic Churches.

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Phoenicians

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was an ancient Semitic thalassocratic civilization situated on the western, coastal part of the Fertile Crescent and centered on the coastline of modern Syria and Lebanon.

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Trojan War

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was waged against the city of Troy by the Achaeans (Greeks) after Paris of Troy took Helen from her husband Menelaus, king of Sparta. The war is one of the most important events in Greek mythology and has been narrated through many works of Greek literature, most notably through Homer's Iliad

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Golden Horn

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is a major urban waterway and the primary inlet of the Bosphorus in Istanbul, Turkey.

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Triremes

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with three banks of oars;" Ancient Greek: τριήρης triērēs,[2] literally "three-rower") was an ancient vessel and a type of galley that was used by the ancient maritime civilizations of the Mediterranean, especially the Phoenicians, ancient Greeks and Romans.[3][4]

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Wanax

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It is one of the two Greek titles traditionally translated as "king", the other being basileus

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Wilusa

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was a city of the late Bronze Age Assuwa confederation of western Anatolia.

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Bull-leaping game

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This ritual consists of an acrobatic leap over a bull; when the leaper grasps the bull's horns, the bull will violently jerk his neck upwards giving the leaper the momentum necessary to perform somersaults and other acrobatic tricks or stunts.

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Mediterranean connectivity

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"Roman connectivity"

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Mycenaeans

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refers to the last phase of the Bronze Age in Ancient Greece (c. 1600-1100 BCE). It represents the first advanced civilization in mainland Greece, with its palatial states, urban organization, works of art and writing system

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Odyssey/Iliad

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Greek epic poems from the brilliant mind of Homer

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Troy

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was a city situated in what is known from Classical sources as Asia Minor, now northwest Anatolia in modern Turkey, located south of the southwest end of the Dardanelles/Hellespont and northwest of Mount Ida at Hisarlık. It is the setting of the Trojan War described in the Greek Epic Cycle and especially in the Iliad, one of the two epic poems attributed to Homer.

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Gibraltar

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Entrance to the Mediterranean Sea, very strategic site for whoever controls it

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Punic Wars

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were a series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage from 264 BC to 146 BC.[1] At the time, they were probably the largest wars that had ever taken place

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Breeze

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is a gentle wind that develops over bodies of water near land due to differences in air pressure created by their different heat capacity. It is a common occurrence along coasts during the morning as solar radiation heats the land more quickly than the water.

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Biblos

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It is believed to have been occupied first between 8800 and 7000 BC,[1] and according to fragments attributed to the semi-legendary pre-Homeric Phoenician priest Sanchuniathon, it was built by Cronus as the first city in Phoenicia

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Transhumance

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is the seasonal movement of people with their livestock between fixed summer and winter pastures

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Etruscans

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is the modern name given to a civilization of ancient Italy in the area corresponding roughly to Tuscany, western Umbria, and northern Lazio. The ancient Romans called its creators the Tusci or Etrusci.[1] Their Roman name is the origin of the terms Tuscany, which refers to their heartland, and Etruria, which can refer to their wider region

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Jason and the Argonauts

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were a band of heroes in Greek mythology, who in the years before the Trojan War, around 1300 BCE,[1] accompanied Jason to Colchis in his quest to find the Golden Fleece. Their name comes from their ship, Argo, named after its builder, Argus. "Argonauts" literally means "Argo sailors"

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Romanization

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is the conversion of writing from a different writing system to the Roman (Latin) script, or a system for doing so. Methods of romanization include transliteration, for representing written text, and transcription, for representing the spoken word, and combinations of both

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Barbarian Theory

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was a period of intensified barbarian invasion in Europe, often defined from the period when it seriously impacted the Roman world, as running from about 376 to 800 AD

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Knossos

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is the largest Bronze Age archaeological site on Crete and is considered Europe's oldest city.[4]

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Alexander the Great

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was a King (Basileus) of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon[1][2][3] and a member of the Argead dynasty, a famous ancient Greek royal house. Born in Pella in 356 BC, Alexander succeeded his father, Philip II, to the throne at the age of twenty. He spent most of his ruling years on an unprecedented military campaign through Asia and northeast Africa, until by the age of thirty he had created one of the largest empires of the ancient world, stretching from Greece to Egypt and into northwest India.[

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Justinian I (527-565)

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was a Byzantine (East Roman) emperor from 527 to 565. During his reign, Justinian sought to revive the empire's greatness and reconquer the lost western half of the historical Roman Empire. One of the most important figures of late antiquity and possibly the last Roman emperor to speak Latin as a first language

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Homer

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is best known as the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey

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Papyrus

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Papyrus is first known to have been used in ancient Egypt (at least as far back as the First Dynasty), as the Cyperus papyrus plant was a wetland sedge that was once abundant in the Sudd of Southern Sudan along with the Nile Delta of Egypt. Papyrus was also used throughout the Mediterranean region and in Kingdom of Kush.

History 202 – UWRF Petkov (Midterm) – Flashcards

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