EX 2 CH.6 Chapter REVIEW – Flashcards

Little Albert learned to fear a white rat after repeatedly experiencing a loud noise as the rat was present. In this experiment was what the US? The UR? The NS? the CS? the CR?

The first step of classical conditioning when an NS becomes a CS, is called ---. When a US no longer follows the CS, and the CR becomes weakened. This is called ----

Learning is defined as "the process of acquiring through experience, new and relatively enduring ---- or ----

Two forms of associative learning are classical conditioning, in which we associate ----, and operant conditioning, in which we associate --- a. two or more responses, a response and consequence b. two or more stimuli, two or more responses c. two or more stimuli, a response and consequence d. two or more responses, two or more stimuli

In pavlovs experiments, the tone started as a neutral stimulus, and then became:

Dos have been taught to salivate to a circle but not to a square. This process is an example of

After Watson and Rayner classically conditioned Little Albert to fear a white rat, the child later showed fear in response to a rabbit, a dog and sealskin coat. This illustrates: a. extinctions b. generalization c. Spontaneous recovery d. Discrimination between two stimuli

Thorndike's law of effect was the basic for ---- work on operant conditioning and behavior control

One way to change behavior is to reward natural behaviors in smaller steps, as they get closer and closer to a desired behavior. This process is called

Your dog is barking so loudly that its making your ears ring. You clap your hands, the dog stops barking your ears stop ringing and you think to yourself " Ill have to do that again when he barks" The end of the barking was for your a

Reinforcing a desired response only some of the times it occurs is called

A restaurant is running a special deal. After you buy for meals at full price, your fifth meal will be free. This is an example of a ---- schedule of reinforcement. a. fixed ratio b. variable ratio c. fixed interval d. variable interval

The partial reinforcement schedule that reinforce a response after unpredictable time periods is a ---- schedule.

An old saying notes that "a burnt child dreads the fire." In operate conditioning, the burning would be an example of a a. primary reinforce b. negative reinforce c. punisher d. positive reinforce

Which research showed that conditioning can occur even when the unconditioned stimulus ( US) does not immediately follow the neutral stimulus ( NS) a. Little albert experiment b. Pavlovs experiments with dogs c. Watsons behaviorism studies d. Garcia and Koellings taste aversion studies

Taste aversion research has shown that some animals develop aversion to certain taste but not too sights or sounds This finding supports a. Pavlov demonstration of generalization b. Darwin principle that natural selection favors traits that aide survival. c. Watson's belief that psychologists should study observable behavior, not mentalist concepts. d. The early behaviorists view that nay organism can be conditioned to any stimuli

Evidence that cognitive processes play an important role in learning comes in part from studies in which rats a. spontaneously recover previously learned behavior b. develop cognitive maps c. exhibit respondent behavior d. generalize responses

Rats that explored a maze without any reward were later able to run the maze as well as other rats that had received food rewards for running the maze. The rats that had learned without reinforcement demonstrate:

Children learn many social behaviors by imitating parents and other models. This type of learning is called:

According to Bandura, we learn by watching models because we experience---- reinforcement or ---- punishment.

Parents are most effective in getting their children to imitate them if :