question

Middle childhood is the healthiest period of the life span because

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A) motor skills are mastered B) children have learned to be cautious C) most illnesses occur before or after middle childhood D) All of these answers are correct Answer D All

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According to the text, one of the benefits of physical activity is

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improved problem-solving skills

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The statement that growth slows down during middle childhood

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refers to a decrease in the rate of physical growth

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A chronic disease of the respiratory system in which inflammation narrows the airway is

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asthma

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Like obesity, asthma is

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the product of both nature and nurture

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The goal of tertiary prevention of asthma is to

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enable the use of inhalers

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If a child has a BMI above the 85th percentile of children the same age, he or she is considered

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overweight

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The role of genetics in susceptibility to obesity

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is complex because genes influence not only metabolic rate but also food preferences and activity level

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The time it takes to respond to a physical or cognitive stimulus is

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reaction time

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The process by which a sequence of thoughts and actions is repeated until it becomes routine and no longer requires conscious thought is

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automatization

question

Which is one of the types of intelligence identified by Sternberg

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A) creative B) social-emotional C) sensory motor D) analytical Asnwer A Creative

question

The field that uses insights into typical development for comparison to understand various disorders is

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developmental psychopathology

question

A condition in which a child has great difficulty concentrating and is overactive and impulsive is

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attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

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A diagnosis of ADHD indicates that a child not only has problems concentrating but also

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is inattentive, impulsive, and overactive

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"Learning disability" refers to

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a marked delay in a particular area of learning

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Most fatal childhood diseases

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occur before age 6

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What factor has led to children spending less time playing outdoors?

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A) "stranger danger" B) urbanization C) home computers D) all of these answers are correct. Answer D All

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Compared with the rate of growth during the preschool years, the rate of growth during middle childhood is

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slower

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Which of the following statements about asthma in middle childhood is TRUE?

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Genes increase the risk of asthma, but environment is crucial

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A primary level of prevention aimed at asthma is

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ventilating schools better

question

The abbreviation "BMI" stands for

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body mass index

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What percentage of U.S. children and adolescents are obese?

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16

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Which of the following is a consequence of increasing myelination?

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quicker reaction time

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Which of the following underlies the ability to listen, take notes, and ignore distractions?

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selective attention

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What contributes to a child's ability to increase his speed of thinking?

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A) repetition B) myelination of neural axons C)automatization D) All of these answers are correct. Answer D All

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Sternberg and Gardner criticize standard IQ tests because the tests

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ignore other types of intelligence

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The developmental psychopathology perspective assumes that

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abnormality is normal

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Childhood medication has been found to

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reduce the risk of adolescent drug use

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One of the most commonly diagnosed learning disabilities involving reading is:

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dyslexia

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A document that specifies educational goals and plans for a child with special needs is referred to as a(n):

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individualized education plan (IEP)

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When Piaget referred to concrete operations, he meant logic applied in situations that

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deal with visible, tangible, real things

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Carly is given grapes and strawberries. When asked if she has more grapes or fruit, she responds, "I have more fruits." Carly is using the logical concept of

answer

classification

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By what age can most children classify objects they see?

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7

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Piaget stressed the ______________, whereas Vygotsky stressed the _________________.

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child's own discovery of concepts; importance of instruction by others

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__________ memory stores incoming stimulus information for a split second to allow it to be processed.

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Sensory

question

Which age group would find the classic joke: "Why did the chicken cross the road?" funny?

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school-age children

question

Many children use codes in their text messages (LOL, , 411). The use of these codes in this context indicates the child understands:

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pragmatics

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The unrecognized rules and priorities that influence a child's learning in school are called the:

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hidden curriculum.

question

Juanita speaks Spanish. She is learning to speak English. In her third-grade classroom, school subjects are taught in both English and Spanish. This method of teaching a second language is:

answer

bilingual education

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Internationally, girls are slightly ahead in ______ skills and boys in ______.

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verbal; math

question

Children who learn the sound of each alphabet letter and combinations of letters to decipher simple words are learning to read by the _______ approach.

answer

phonics

question

Historically, math instruction has ______________, whereas today many educators would like math instruction to _________________.

answer

involved memorizing math facts, rules, and processes; be more active and engaging

question

According to research, the best way to teach reading is by using:

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A) a systematic phonics approach in the early grades. B) the whole-language approach with students older than age 9 when reading is connected to literature, history, and science C) a variety of methods and strategies D) All of these answers are correct. Anwer D All

question

Advocates of _________ would support a child whose invented spelling of "lady" was "lade."

answer

the phonics approach

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The two distinct reading methods are the ________ approach and the _______ approach.

answer

phonics; whole-language

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According to Piaget, the stage of thinking that is characteristic of middle childhood is:

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concrete operational

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Piaget's term for the ability to reason logically about direct experiences is "____________ thought."

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concrete operational

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The logical principle that things can be organized into groups or categories according to some characteristic that they have in common is:

answer

classification.

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Five-year-old Franz can count to 100, but he cannot correctly estimate where 22 is placed on a number line that starts at 0 and ends at 100. This means that Franz is having problems with:

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seriation

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Vygotsky's emphasis on the importance of culture teaching children:

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has been supported by research conducted throughout the world

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DeShawn is typical of some school-age children. He learns up to ___ words per day.

answer

20

question

Marisol has learned to speak formally with adults and informally (using slang) with her friends. She has learned

answer

the pragmatics of language

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At what age can most children demonstrate rapid and fluent oral reading (more than 100 words per minute)?

answer

11-12

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The arrangement in which children who do not speak English are placed together and given an intensive course in basic English so that they can be educated in the same classroom as native English speakers is called:

answer

English as a second language (ESL) instruction

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What is a factor that affects adult linguistic input and later child output?

answer

socioeconomic status of the family and of the minority group

question

Which one of the following statements is TRUE?

answer

Reasoned speaking and logical argument are taught in Russian and French schools.

question

Results received from international achievement tests are considered problematic because:

answer

sample selection and test administration are not consistent.

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Children who learn to read when their brains are ready as a result of talking, listening, reading, and writing experiences are being taught to read using the _________ approach.

answer

whole-language

question

The term "math wars" refers to a:

answer

disagreement between those who want more emphasis on teaching basic math skills and those who want emphasis on a broader, more conceptual understanding of math.

question

International studies of mathematics education have found that

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math achievement tends to be lower in nations where students have more confidence in their math abilities

question

Between ages 6 and 11, children show psychosocial maturation by their ability to

answer

A) tell time and have set times for activities B) complete more homework assignments C) take care of pets D) All of these abilities are signs of psychosocial maturation Answer D ALL

question

According to Erikson, if 8-year-old Kristina does NOT solve her psychosocial conflict of stage four, she will come to view herself as

answer

inferior

question

Freud referred to middle childhood as the period of

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latency

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Ideally, social comparison helps children to

answer

value their own abilities

question

Daily hassles

answer

can have a cumulative effect on children

question

A Hawaiian longitudinal study found that the resilience of poverty-stricken children whose parents were mentally unstable was dependent on

answer

A) an easygoing temperament B) high IQ C) realistic goal orientation, persistence, and learned creativity D) All of these answers are correct Answer D All

question

According to your text, the most important overall family function is to provide

answer

love and encouragement

question

A family that consists of a father, a mother, and their biological children younger than age 18 is referred to as a

answer

nuclear family

question

According to your text, 67 percent of all human families with children aged 6-11

answer

have two parents

question

A family in which both parents have offspring from earlier relationships is called a(n) ____________ family.

answer

blended

question

Family income can have a positive or negative effect on the function and structure of the family, but what is important is

answer

whether or not the income increases stress on the family

question

The difference in the psychosocial development of young children as compared to that of middle-school children is that

answer

young children's egocentrism makes them less affected by other children's acceptance or rejection of them

question

A characteristic of the culture of children is that:

answer

they may spout curses, accents, and slang

question

___________ cognition, which gives children the ability to observe and use logic, propels them to think about morality

answer

Concrete operational

question

One study found that ____ percent of a group of children believed that no child should be excluded from joining a club or team because of gender or race

answer

98

question

During Erikson's crisis of industry versus inferiority, children

answer

attempt to master many skills

question

Identify the typical child in Erikson's fourth stage, the crisis of industry versus inferiority

answer

Marisol can't wait to begin her first karate class.

question

During the ______, Freud believed that children's emotional drives and psychosocial needs are quiet.

answer

latency stage

question

Toward the end of middle childhood, ________ becomes more fragile

answer

self-esteem

question

Recent research on shared and nonshared environmental factors and their influence on children's developing temperaments has found that

answer

parents' attitudes have a direct effect on children's behavior

question

Family structure refers to

answer

legal and genetic relationships of family members

question

According to your text, two factors that significantly interfere with family function in every nation are

answer

low income and high conflict.

question

Children who move and change neighborhoods in middle childhood

answer

suffer academically and emotionally

question

The term "culture of children" refers to

answer

the particular habits and styles that reflect the set of rules and rituals that characterize children as distinct from adult society

question

As friendships change during the school years, children are most likely to:

answer

demand more of their friends.

question

Rita, who is unpopular among her peers, frequently ridicules and antagonizes other children. Her behavior suggests that she is a(n):

answer

aggressive-rejected child

question

The theorist associated with the six stages of moral reasoning is

answer

Kohlberg

question

According to Kohlberg, the crucial factor in determining what stage of moral reasoning a person is using is

answer

the reasons for his or her answers to questions about a moral dilemma

question

The type of moral reasoning that focuses on moral principles is called

answer

conventional

Psychology – Test 2 Ch 11,12,13 – Flashcards

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