Week 3 Culture – Flashcards
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Match each term with the most appropriate example of its focus. Freedom of religion is a cornerstone of American society
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value
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There are rules governing when to kiss someone
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norm
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Some, but not all, cultures participate in daylight savings time.
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mental map of reality,
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You arrive at a red, eight-sided sign when driving your car, and know that the sign is suggesting that you stop.
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symbol
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"The ability or potential to bring about change through action or influence" (page 50) is known as:
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power.
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Advances in transportation technology via seafaring allowed Europeans to travel farther and faster, thus seeing more of the diversity of the world's people. This resulted in the creation of the concept of different "races" of humans. This concept of race as signifying human difference is best described by which term?
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mental map of reality
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Americans tend to drive on the right side of the road. This is an example of a:
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cultural norm.
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Bernice spends time each day reading online news reports from several different news agencies around the world. As a result, she becomes aware of multiple ideas and perspectives, incorporating these into her own outlook and actions. This is an example of which of the following terms?
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cosmopolitanism
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Bertha likes to eat dinner at 5 p.m. She travels to Italy and decides she doesn't like the country because restaurants tend to open for dinner at 7 p.m. or later. Bertha is practicing:
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ethnocentrism.
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Bertram marries someone from outside his cultural group. Which anthropological term best applies to this situation?
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exogamy
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Contemporary debates about privacy in American society post-9/11 are fundamentally debates about which of the following?
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cultural values
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Franz Boas believed that cultures develop in different ways because of the unique and complex sets of issues and situations that members of the cultural group face over time. This way of understanding cultural differences came to be known as:
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historical particularism.
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The ability of individuals and/or groups "to contest cultural norms, values, mental maps of reality, symbols, institutions, and structures of power" (page 54) is known as:
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agency.
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The belief that cultural patterns are determined by our genetic makeup is best described using which term?
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nature
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The belief that culture is held together by a series of important elements such as economy, education, religion, kinship, and politics that all serve to maintain societal equilibrium is known as:
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structural functionalism.
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The handshake as a form of greeting in the United States is an example of a:
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cultural symbol.
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The suggestion that all cultures progress through a similar set of stages is no longer accepted in contemporary anthropology. This theory was known as:
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unilineal cultural evolution.
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There is evidence that minority residents of Anytown have less access to resources such as strong schools, libraries, and recreational centers than their majority counterparts. This is an example of:
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stratification.
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Which of the following are examples of cultural relativism? Select all that apply.
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attempts to understand native feasting behavior in its local context, attempts to comprehend the motives behind the 9/11 attacks in cultural context, attempts to make sense of shared ritual behavior such as scarification rituals or drug-induced trances in its context
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attempts to understand native feasting behavior in its local context, attempts to comprehend the motives behind the 9/11 attacks in cultural context, attempts to make sense of shared ritual behavior such as scarification rituals or drug-induced trances in its context
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homogenization, two-way transference of culture through migration, increased cosmopolitanism
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Which of the following attributes are associated with culture? Select all that apply.
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Culture is constantly changing., The human capacity for sharing and learning culture is unique among animal species.
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Which of the following terms refers to the process of learning culture?
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enculturation
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Which of the following theoretical perspectives sees culture as a symbolic system of deep meaning?
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the interpretivist approach
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While material power such as coercion and brute force were tools used by the Nazi regime, the creation of cultural agreement about the "dangers" of populations such as the Jews, Roma, and others was what ultimately allowed the horrors of the Holocaust to take place. This cultural agreement is known as:
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hegemony.
