Krumboltz’s Social Learning Theory – Flashcards
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What is a significant portion of research in theoretical, experimental, and educational psychology?
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The study of human learning
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Who has compiled research that supports social learning of human behavior?
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Albert Bandura
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What does Bandura believe?
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That individuals' personalities grow from their learning experiences more than their genetic and intrapsychic processes.
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According to Bandura, what components make up "personal factors"?
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Memories, beliefs, preferences, and self-perceptions
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According to Bandura, what makes up the Triadic Reciprocal Interaction System?
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Environment, Personal Factors, Actual Behaviors
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Krumboltz and colleagues' theory focuses on how individuals make care decisions that emphasis what?
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The importance of behaviors (action) and cognitions (knowing or thinking)
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How does Krumboltzs' theory differ from others ?
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Focuses on teaching clients career decision-making techniques, using the techniques effectively in selecting career alternatives
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What is Krumboltz's theory called?
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Social Learning Theory
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What are the components of Krumboltz's theory?
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Genetic endowment, environmental conditions and events, learning experiences, and task-approach skills
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The aspects of the individual that are inherited or innate rather than learned
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Genetic endowment
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What aspects are genetic endowment?
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Physical appearance, predisposition to certain illnesses
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What happens when a individual has greater innate abilities?
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More likely to respond to learning and teaching
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Social learning theory focuses on what?
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Learning and enhancing skills and abilities
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What conditions are outside the control of an individual?
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Social, cultural, political, and economic considerations
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What are beyond the control of the individual?
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Environmental conditions and events
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What are the components of environmental conditions and events?
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Social Factors, Educational Conditions, and Occupational Conditions
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According to Krumboltz, an individual's career preferences are the result of what?
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Prior learning experiences
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Components of Learning Experiences?
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Instrumental Learning Experiences (H) Associative Learning Experiences (O)
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Components of Instrumental learning experiences.
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Antecedents, behaviors, and consequences
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What is an antecedent?
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Any type of condition, including genetic endowment, special abilities, and skills, environmental conditions or events, and tasks and problems
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What follows an antecedent?
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Behaviors (obvious or subtle)
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What follows behaviors?
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Consequences
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What is the key of the instrumental learning experiences?
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The focus on the behavior of the individual
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How does an associative learning experience occur?
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When an individual pairs a situation that was previously neutral with one that is positive, or negative
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What are types of associative learning experiences?
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Observation Conditioning Classical Conditioning
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What are task-approach skills?
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Goal setting, values clarification, generating alternatives, and obtaining occupational information
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What task skills are important in career decision making?
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Setting goals, clarifying values, predicting future events, generating alternatives, and seeking occupational information
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Observations include?
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Capacities or abilities, interests, and work values
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Generalizations include?
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The world of work, as well as outside events
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People tend to do two things when assessing their abilities, what are they?
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Overstate of understate
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What are interest inventories helpful for?
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Assessing generalizations that individuals have about interested derived from learning experiences
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What is the accuracy of generalizations about one's own abilities derived from?
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Comparing one's view of one's capacities with other's views
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What are work values?
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Desire to achieve or advance in one's profession
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Generalizations about occupations come from where?
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Instrumental and associative learning experiences
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What does planned happenstance emphasize?
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Using learning strategies to cope with unexpected events
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Four counselor behavioral strategies are?
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Reinforcement, Use of Role Models, Role-Playing, Use of Simulation in Counseling
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Positive reinforcement does what?
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Increases the occurrence of a response
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Experiences of positive reinforcement are?
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Cumulative
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Positive reinforcement includes?
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Expressions of approval, positive excitement, and appreciation
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A valuable associative learning experience can be what?
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The use of role models
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What does a counselor who follows a social learning framework do?
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Is likely to act in an organized and decisive manner
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How can a client simulate a career experience?
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By doing some of the tasks that an occupation might require
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There are more cognitive strategies for career decision making counseling than?
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Behavioral strategies
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Goals should be?
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Clear and identifiable
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What should goals be?
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Explicit
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When making goal clarification, counselor and client should do what?
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What issues are to be explores, what choices may be make, and/or what skills may be learned
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In clarifying goals it is helpful to?
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Reinforce open-mindedness
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Counselors should use ____________ to counter troublesome client beliefs?
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Reframing
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Clients say they will do one thing, but actually does something else is called what?
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Inconsistencies between words and actions
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Individuals tend to focus on ____________ instead of ________________
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Negative criticism Positive feedback
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Cognitive rehearsal helps?
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Strength clients' positive beliefs
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What is the factor called that distinguishes the goals of Krumboltz's SLT from other theories in the book?
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Emphasis on learning
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Krumboltz states that "The goal of career counseling is to facilitate the learning of ?
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"skills, interests, beliefs, values, work habits, and personal qualities that enable each client to create a satisfying life within a constantly changing work environment?
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Job dissatisfaction results from?
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Problems with supervisors and colleagues or other aspects of the job and may feel rejected by the employer
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A theme of Krumboltz's work is an emphasis on change___________________________________
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within the individual and the individual's environment
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Criteria that influence goals of career counseling
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1. Expand their capabilities and interests 2. Prepare for changing work tasks 3. Empowered to take action
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Krumboltz believes that individual should ____________________ on the events that occur in their lives.
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Capitalize
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Planned Happenstance is what?
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Taking advantage of chance events
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Planned happenstance theory is?
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Positive and encouraging
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Planned happenstance replaces _________________ and ____________________ in career decision making.
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Indecision and open-mindedness
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Five skills are helpful in dealing with chance in the planned happenstance theory
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Curiosity, persistence, flexibility, optimism, and risk taking
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Explore new learning opportunities and to follow up on options
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Curiosity
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Setbacks in one'e experiences
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Persistence
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Changing their attitudes when dealing with different circumstances
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Flexibility
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Pursuing new opportunities and finding actions that can pay off
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Optimism
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Can result in positive outcomes
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Risk taking
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Krumboltz believes that it is important that the __________________________________can be appropriate to the client.
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Skills, interests, and values of the counselor
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Krumboltz's Social Learning Theory presents a model that emphasizes
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A behavioral Orientation, with some cognitive components
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Social Learning Theory stresses
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The importance of genetic endowment, environmental conditions, learning experiences, and task-approach skills
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This is essential to the application of Social Learning Theory
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Accurate occupational information
