question

During what age range are children typically in the stage of preoperational thought? A) 10 - 14 years B) birth - 2 years C) 2 - 7 years D) 7 - 10 years

answer

c

question

The stage in Piaget's theory during which children's thought is characterized by the use of mental representations and intuitive thought is called A) concrete operations. B) sensorimotor. C) formal operations. D) preoperations.

answer

d

question

Kwame is a normally developing 4-year-old. He remembers playing with a toy fire engine at his cousin's house yesterday. Although he didn't have his favorite stuffed animal with him when he played with the fire engine, Kwame can imagine putting the bear on the fire engine and giving it a ride. These thoughts and memories demonstrate A) conservation. B) scaffolding. C) egocentrism. D) preoperational thought.

answer

d

question

Piaget called logical processes that can be reversed A) operations. B) egocentrism. C) animism. D) all of the above

answer

a

question

Language development, according to Piaget, is based on what ability in young children? A) intuitive thought B) metacognition C) mental representation D) egocentrism

answer

c

question

Piaget viewed language as a/an ________ system A) conservation B) symbol C) animism D) operational

answer

b

question

Tiffani, age 4, drew a circle with eyes, nose and a mouth. She made 4 lines coming out of the circle for arms and legs. Tiffani proudly presented it to her father saying "I drew a picture of you!" Her art is evidence that she has developed A) mental representation. B) sensorimotor skills. C) egocentrism. D) animism.

answer

a

question

Piaget believed children demonstrated mental representation by what kind of play? A) sociocultural B) sensorimotor C) conservation D) symbolic

answer

d

question

Three-year-old Isabella is pretending to feed her doll. She puts three wooden blocks on a toy plate. Using the blocks as food demonstrates A) animism. B) sensorimotor play. C) symbolic play. D) intuitive play.

answer

c

question

Thought and logic based on one's personal experience is called A) concrete operations. B) intuitive thought. C) conservation. D) scaffolding.

answer

b

question

The authors of your textbook give an example of their sons at 3 1/2 describing a foggy morning as "froggy". Their child explained that "when all the frogs breathe out they make the air froggy." This is an example of A) intuitive thinking. B) private speech. C) conservation. D) egocentrism.

answer

a

question

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of preoperational thought? A) conservation B) egocentrism C) animism D) artificialism

answer

a

question

The term Piaget used to refer to a young child's inability to take another person's perspective is A) artificialism. B) conservation. C) egocentrism. D) animism.

answer

c

question

Four-year-old Clinton is talking to his on the phone. He looks out the window as he talks and sees a bird in a tree. Clinton says "look at the bird, Granny! What kind is it?" His belief that his grandmother sees what he sees is called A) animism. B) egocentrism. C) private speech. D) processing capacity.

answer

b

question

Piaget used the three-mountain task to demonstrate which characteristic of preoperational thought? A) conservation B) animism C) artificialism D) egocentrism

answer

d

question

After a windy night, 5-year-old Tori notices a broken branch on a tree. She says "the tree is crying because it's branch got broke." This is an example of A) animism. B) conservation. C) private speech. D) artificialism.

answer

a

question

A child who believes that rain is caused by God crying demonstrates which characteristic of preoperational thinking? A) conservation B) metacognition C) egocentrism D) artificialism

answer

d

question

In Piaget's theory, the understanding that basic properties of objects remain the same even when their physical appearance changes is called A) conservation. B) overregularization. C) preoperations. D) animism.

answer

a

question

Four-year-old Jacob is shown two identical glasses of juice. While he watches, one glass of juice is poured into a short, wide glass. Piaget used this to test children's understanding of A) conservation. B) animism. C) accommodation. D) assimilation.

answer

a

question

In Piaget's classic test of conservation of liquid, preoperational children focus on either the height or the width of the liquid in the container. This focus shows A) egocentrism. B) metacognition. C) centration. D) lack of reversible thinking.

answer

c

question

When young children focus on the static end points in a conservation task rather than the transformation itself, they are demonstrating A) lack of reversibility. B) preoperational thinking. C) centration. D) all of the above

answer

d

question

Ms. Chen, a kindergarten teacher, shows her students two identical balls of Play Dough. She then flattens one into a "pancake" and asks them whether the ball or pancake has more Play Dough. Some say the pancake because it is wider, some say the ball because it's taller. All of the children's answers exhibit A) lack of reversibility. B) zone of proximal development. C) metacognition. D) egocentrism.

answer

a

question

Four-year-olds generally can't understand that subtraction undoes addition, as in 2 + 3 = 5 and 5 - 2 = 3. This is because their cognitive structures are A) internalized. B) assimilated. C) artificial. D) not reversible.

answer

d

question

Which of the following statements about Piaget's legacy is FALSE? A) Piaget's stages have shaped guidelines for when certain types of learning should be introduced. B) Piaget's theory led to more passive types of teaching and learning. C) Piaget influenced education to be more active and "hands on". D) Piaget changed psychology's view of young children.

answer

b

question

Mr. Sanchez teaches second grade. He presents his students with puzzles and conflicting answers to challenge their cognitive structures. Mr. Sanchez is using A) Piaget's theory. B) scaffolding. C) Vygotsky's theory. D) information processing.

answer

a

question

In a "Professional Perspective: Meet a constructivist teacher," the teacher interviewed uses which theory in her teaching? A) Abecedarian B) ZPD C) Piaget's D) Vygotsky's

answer

c

question

What kind of theory did Vygotsky have? A) metacognitive B) information processing C) scaffolding D) sociocultural

answer

d

question

Why was Vygotsky's work unknown for decades? A) He refused to publish his results. B) Much of his research was finished after his early death. C) The Soviet Union banned his work. D) both B and C

answer

d

question

What is the central theme in Vygotsky's theory? A) Children go through distinct stages in their cognitive development. B) Children process information like a computer. C) Children learn from their culture and from social interactions. D) Theory of mind.

answer

c

question

Vygotsky called what we hear as people talk around us A) private speech. B) overregularized speech. C) the ZPD. D) social speech.

answer

d

question

Tony, who is 3, often talks to himself while playing with his toys. Vygotsky called this A) conservation. B) social speech. C) private speech. D) internalization.

answer

c

question

When young children are learning new or difficult tasks they often use A) the ZPD. B) theory of mind. C) conservation. D) private speech.

answer

d

question

Rachel is learning to tie her shoes. As she tries to tie her sneaker laces she says out loud "cross over and pull - - now make bunny ears and put one under the other." Rachel is using A) processing capacity. B) overregularized speech. C) private speech. D) conservation.

answer

c

question

As children grow older, their private speech is not out loud, but in their mind. This process is called A) theory of mind. B) internalization. C) ZPD. D) egocentrism.

answer

b

question

Which of the the following are functions of private speech? A) focusing attention B) planning problem solving C) regulating strategies D) All of the above are functions of private speech.

answer

d

question

The process whereby adults or more advanced peers introduce new concepts, knowledge and skills to a child is called A) information processing. B) processing efficiency. C) fast mapping. D) mediation.

answer

d

question

Sam is helping his younger brother put a puzzle together. He teaches him strategies such as matching colors and starting with the corners. The process Sam is using to teach his brother is called A) centration. B) private speech. C) mediation. D) theory of mind.

answer

c

question

When a skilled teacher works with a child learning to read, the teacher typically highlights reading strategies such as sounding out the letters in a word. In Vygotsky's theory, this teaching process is A) internalization. B) mediation. C) metacognition. D) animism.

answer

b

question

The key to making mediation effective is A) focus on overregularization. B) using processing capacity. C) tailor it to the learner. D) all of the above

answer

c

question

Vygotsky termed the distance between a learner's maximum independent performance and the tasks the learner can perform with assistance A) the ZPD. B) mediation. C) internalization. D) processing efficiency.

answer

a

question

You volunteer as a tutor with your college's community outreach program. Before you try to tutor the child assigned to you, Vygotsky would advise you to A) assess the child's stage of cognitive development. B) see if the child has developed theory of mind. C) determine the child's ZPD. D) test the child's processing efficiency.

answer

c

question

The bottom level of the ZPD is A) the most challenging problems a child can solve alone. B) the easiest problems a child can solve alone. C) a measure of their processing efficiency. D) problems a child cannot solve, even with help.

answer

a

question

Six-year-old Seamus is learning addition and subtraction. No matter how much his mother explains it, Seamus does not understand division, however. Division would be at what part of Seamus' ZPD? A) top B) middle C) bottom D) none of the above

answer

a

question

Tasks inside a child's ZPD require mental functions that the child has A) completely internalized. B) has not yet mediated. C) not yet completely internalized. D) no sociocultural experiences of.

answer

c

question

When children have effective mediation in learning a new skill, A) the boundaries of their ZPD move down. B) they stop using social speech. C) they acquire conservation. D) the boundaries of their ZPD move up.

answer

d

question

Which of the following, according to Vygotstky's theory, would be the most effective way to teach children? A) Make them work independently. B) Give them easy material to start with. C) Give them challenging tasks and help. D) both B and C

answer

c

question

The support given to children as they learn a new skill is called A) processing capacity. B) executive processes. C) centration. D) scaffolding.

answer

d

question

Ms. Miller is teaching Joseph to play the clarinet. At his first lesson, she places his finger in the proper position on the clarinet. This is an example of A) mediation. B) scaffolding. C) fast mapping. D) both A and B

answer

d

question

Children working together to help each other solve problems is called A) executive processes. B) internalization. C) collaborative learning. D) ZPD.

answer

c

question

Your child development instructor breaks the class down into small groups and assigns each person in the group to teach the rest of the group a section of Chapter 8. What technique is your instructor using? A) collaborative learning B) metacognition C) theory of mind D) encoding

answer

a

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