Health mid term – Flashcards
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Health
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typically refers to the overall condition of a person's body or mind and to the presence or absence of illness or injury
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wellness
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refers to optimal health and vitality - to live life to the fullest
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risk factors
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of condition that increases one's chances of disease or injury
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Physical wellness
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you body's overall condition, the absence of disease, and your fitness level.
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Emotional wellness
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you emotional wellness relates to your mental health and reflects your ability to understand and deal with your feelings
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intellectual wellness
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and active mind, constantly seeking to learn new things
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interpersonal (social) wellness
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your ability to develop and maintain satisfying and supportive relationships
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spiritual wellness
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to possess a set of guiding beliefs principle or values that gives meaning and purpose to your life
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environmental wellness
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defined by the livability of your surroundings
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occupational wellness
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level of happiness, fulfillment, and satisfaction from work
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financial wellness
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refers to your ability to live within your means and manage money in a way that gives you peace of mind
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morbidity rates
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the relative instances of disease among a population
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mortality rates
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the number of deaths in the population in a given period of time. Usually expressed as a ratio
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infectious diseases
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a of disease that spread from person-to-person
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chronic diseases
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a diseases that develops and continues over a long period of time such as heart disease or cancer
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lifestyle choices
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a conscious behavior that can increase or decrease a person's risk factors of disease or injury
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health promotion
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the process of enabling people to increase control over their health and its determinants, and thereby improve their health
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disease prevention
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the process of providing tools that people and communities need to protect their health.
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sex
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the biological and physiological characteristics that define men and women
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gender
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roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for men and women
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income and education
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more of a deterrent of health issues then ethnicity
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disabilities
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people with disabilities have activity limitations. Report higher depression, higher obesity levels
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rural areas
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less likely to be physically active, use safety belts, less access to emergency rooms
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health habits
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Health habits and heath are connected
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Genome
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complete set of genetic material in your cells
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Gene
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The complete set of
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Behavior change
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A lifestyle management process that involves cultivationg healthy behaviors and overcoming unhealthy ones
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target behavior
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An Isolated behavior selected as the object for a behavior chance program
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Self- efficacy
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the belief in one's ability to take action and perform a specific task
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locus of control
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the figurative "place" or person designated as the source of responsibility for the events in his or her life
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stress
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the general physical and emotional state that accompanies the stress response
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stressor
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Agents or situations that causes stress-it can be positive or negative
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stress response
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the physical and emotional reactions to a stressor
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Eustress
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positive or good stress
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homeostasis
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state of stability and consistency in individuals psychological functioning
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destress
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negative stress that can result in illness or long term health problems
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chronic stress
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Ongoing demands with indefinite or long period
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Acute time limited stressor
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Stress immediately fallowing a stressesr
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Brief naturalistic stressor
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Challenging situation/s such as taking a test
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HOMEOSTASIS
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a stable and consistent physiological state
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GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME. (GAS) HAS THREE STAGES
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(1) Alarm (2) Resistance (3) Exhaustion. Exhaustion does not mean physical tiredness.
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Effects of stress on the body
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body (1) Brain becomes more alert (2) digestive system slows down (3) Heart rate increases and blood pressure rises (4) Adrenal glands produce stress hormones (Cortisol) (5) Breathing quickens (6) Immune system is depressed (7) Reproductive system is negatively affected (8)Muscle tenses
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Psychoneuroimmunology. (PNI)
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The study of the interactions among the nervous, endicrine and immune system
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SOURCES OF STRESS
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Daily hassles such as- Household hassles, Health hassles, Time pressure hassles, Inner concern hassles, Environmental hassles, Financial responsibility/insecurity & anxieties, Work hassles- job stress, Future security concerns, Interpersonal hassles. Life changes, frustrations, Conflict, Burnout-workaholics, Pain. Symptoms of workaholics-Increased irritability, Stress related problems, Difficulty concentrating, Loss of motivation, Lack of satisfaction. Virtual social networks-technology and social expectations/demands. E-mail, texting etc
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Personality
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TYPE "A" PERSONALITY has higher chances of major sickness. Type B -relaxed, laid back. Type C-anger suppression-difficulty expressing emotions. Feeling of hopelessness.
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STRESS AND THE HEART
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Stress can push people to bad-negative habits. Drinking, smoking and abusing own self. Stress and immunity, Stress and digestion are closely associated.
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Nervous system
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consists of brain, spinal code and nerves. Part of nervous system is under voluntary control and part is autonomic nervous system. Autonomic system consists of Parasympathetic and sympathetic system
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Common responses to crisis
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(A) Disbelief and shock (B) Disorientation-Difficulty making decisions or concentrating (C) Inability to focus (D) Apathy & emotional numbing (E) Sadness & depression (F) Fear & anxiety for future (G) Intrusive thoughts-replaying events in our mind (H)Excessive worry (I)Crying (J)Irritability (K)Headaches (L)Difficulty sleeping (M) Eating disorders or using alcohol and drugs to cope.
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Managing stress
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(1)Focusing-Determine where things are not feeling quite right (2) Reconstructing stressful situations (3) Self-improvement. Move on to new goal (4)Self compassion. Treating your self kindly (5) Exercise (6) Journaling-put your feelings into words, remain honest with yourself (7) Meditation (8)Mindfulness-involves maintaining awareness in the present moment. (9)Relaxation (10) Sleep (11)Nutrition-sound, balanced-nourishing nutrition
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Psychological health
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health includes both our emotional & mental health -that is our feelings and our thoughts.
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EMOTIONAL HEALTH
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Refers to feelings and moods. A sense of control over the mind and body that enables the person to make health enhancing choice and decisions
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Mental health
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The ability to perceive reality as it is, respond to its challenges and develop rational strategies for living
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Positive psychology
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To build positive strengths and virtues that enable us to find meaning and purpose in life. Learn how to deal with life's negatives. Includes Psychological needs, safety, being loved, maintaining self-esteem and self actualization. (Maslow's Hierarchy of needs).
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Developing self compassion
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SELF COMPASSION (1) Treating oneself kindly for any inadequacy (2) Recognizing that such discomfort is an unavoidable part of life (3)Facing painful thoughts without avoiding them, Managing disappointments and frustrations without suppressing self pity.
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Nonreactive resilience
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A person does not react to a stresser
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Homeostatic resilience
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A person reacts strongly, but renters to baseline fast
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Positive growth resilience
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A person learns and grows from the stress experience
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Drug
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any substance, other than food, that causes a change in the structure or function of the body
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Characteristics of illicit drug users
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Mostly/more males, white, teens with low GPAs and likely to be sexually active. Less religious and mostly unmarried and possibly unhealthy physically and mentally. Some become compulsive gambler, work addicts, sex addicts, excessive internet user, compulsive shopping etc. Being thrill seeker. Being in or from dysfunctional family. Being in a peer group that accepts drug use. Being poor and troubled adolescent.
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DRUG ABUSE
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. Excessive use of drug that is inconsistent with accepted medical practice
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Characteristics of addictive behavior
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Reinforcement *Compulsion or craving *Loss of control * Escalation and tolerance *Negative consequences
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Reinforcement
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( drug use) the pleasurable behavior reinforces itself
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Compulsion or craving
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(drug use) The addict feels a strong compulsion to engage in the use.
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Loss of control
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The addict looses control over the behavior
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Escalation
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Addiction often involves a pattern of enclation
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Negative consequences
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the behavior continues dipite negative effect
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ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION
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Ingestion, inhalation, injection, absorption ( Swallowing, taken rectally, trans dermal patch)
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Injection
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IV or mainlining, intramuscular or subcutaneously (beneath the skin).
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IV or mainlining, intramuscular or subcutaneously (beneath the skin). Dose- response function
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Purity and quality /quantity of drug. Drug's chemical composition. In some drugs increasing the dosage does not increase the effect any further. But can result into more unpleasant outcome.
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Opioids
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Heroin, Morphine, Codeine, Oxycontin, Vicodyn. Relive pain, cause drowsiness or euphoria
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depressants
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Slow down activatey of the CNS. Can result in mild sedation to death. Reused anxiety, impair mussels. Benzodiazepines, ROBYNOL , Barbiturates, alcohol.
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Stimulants
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Speed up activatey of the nervous or muscular system. causes the hart rate to accelerate. . Cocaine, Amphetamine, Methamphetamine, Caffeine
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cocaine
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Drug derived from the coca plant that, while producing a sense of euphoria by stimulating the sympathetic nervous system, also leads to anxiety, depression, and addictive cravings.
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Amphetamines
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drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes.
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caffeine
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makes you alert, sense of well being, wakes you up, combats Borden. you crash
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CANNABIS
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marijuana-Hashish
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marijuana
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a mild hallucinogen that produces a "high" often characterized by feelings of euphoria, a sense of well-being, and swings in mood from gaiety to relaxation. Long term respiratory damage
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Hallucinogens
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psychedelic drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input
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lsd effects
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Altered Senses (Synesthesia - the blending of different senses, such as "seeing" sounds of feeling smells.) Loss of control - flashbacks. Self-reflection - "make conscious the unconscious". Loss of identity and cosmic merging - "mystical-spirtual aspect of the drug experience".
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pcp effects
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Feelings of strength, power, invulnerability, perceptual distortions, paranoia, violence, psychoses.
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inhalants
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substances whose fumes are sniffed and inhaled to acheive a mind altering effect
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Impact/Effect of drugs
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Regardless of type of drug it affects the physical, emotional and mental health of the user. (Mind alteration). BRAIN AND CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DEPRESSANTS. Causes changes in brain chemistry, impairs short term memory, leads to difficulty in concentration & attention to detail and learning new complex information. Causes disturbed sleep. Increases risk of stroke and psychotic symptoms. CARDIOVASCULAR & RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS. Increases heart rate and blood pressure. Decreases blood flow to the limbs and may damage throat from inhalation. Damages nose mucous membrane. Can cause lung damage. Overdose can lead to respiratory arrest.
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Drugs effects on reproduction
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IN WOMEN, may impair ovulation and cause fetal abnormalities if used during pregnancy. Babies born are smaller and child's motor development (control on muscle movement) are affected. Can cause premature delivery. IN MEN, may suppress sexual functioning and may reduce the number, quality and motility of sperm, possibly affecting fertility and may cause impotence. WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOM. Development of physical and psychological distress when individual reduces or stops drug use. Insomnia, restlessness, loss/increase of appetite, and irritability and can suffer from depression.
