question

CR

answer

Conditioned Response

question

Classical conditioning

answer

Learning to make a reflex response to a stimulus other than to the original, natural stimulus

question

Unconditioned stimulus example

answer

Pavlov placed food in the mouths of dogs and they began to salivate. The food acted as:

question

UCR

answer

Unconditioned response

question

Spontaneous recovery

answer

Reappearance of learned response after its apparent extinction

question

UCS

answer

Unconditioned Stimulus

question

USC UCR CS CR

answer

Unconditioned stimulus (food) Unconditioned response (salivation) conditioned stimulus (bell) Conditioned response (salivation)

question

Learning

answer

Relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice

question

Brain is _____after anything is learned

answer

Physically changed

question

Any kind of change in the way an organism behaves

answer

Learning

question

Maturation

answer

Change to due to biology not experience

question

Maturation example

answer

Learning to walk

question

Ivan Pavlov

answer

Russian physiologist

question

Ivan Pavlov

answer

Discovered classical conditioning through his work on digestion in dogs

question

Classical conditioning

answer

Learning to make a reflex response to a stimulus other than the original, natural stimulus that normally produces the reflex

question

Neutral stimulus

answer

A stimulus that before conditioning has no effect on the desired response (ex:bell)

question

Unconditioned stimulus

answer

Unlearned, naturally occurring stimulus that leads to an involuntary response (ex:food involves no learning)

question

Conditioned stimulus

answer

Learned - able to produce a learned reflex response by being paired with the original unconditioned stimulus (ex the bell)

question

Conditioned response

answer

Learned reflex response to a conditioned stimulus (ex:salivation)

question

Acquistion

answer

The training during which a particular response is learned

question

Acquisition example

answer

Pavlov repeated presentations of the bell along with foos

question

Acquisition 1-4

answer

1. The CS (bell) must come before the UCS (food) 2. The CS and UCS must come very close together in time - ideally some several seconds apart 3. The neutral stimulus must be parked with the UCS several times, often many, before conditioning can take place 4. The CS bell is usually distinctive or stands out from other stimuli

question

Extinction

answer

The disappearance or weakening of a learned response following the removal or absence of the unconditioned stimulus. Ringing the bell, not presenting the food - salivation died out

question

Stimulus generalization

answer

A process that involves giving a conditioned response to stimuli that is similar to the conditioned stimulus (pavlovs dogs salivating in response to a bell instead of a tuning fork)

question

Conditioned emotional response

answer

Emotional response that has become classically conditioned to occur to learned stimuli (Watson and little Albert)

question

Phobias

answer

Irrational fear of an activity, object, or situation that is out of proportion to the actual danger

question

Systematic desensitization

answer

Classically conditioning a desired response (relaxtion) to the phobic stimuli

question

Operant conditioning

answer

The learning of voluntary behavior through the effects of pleasant and unpleasant consequences to responses

question

Thorndikes law of effect

answer

If a response is followed by a pleasurable consequence it will tend to be repeated, and if followed by an unpleasant consequence it will tend not to be repeated

question

Reinforcement

answer

Any event or stimulus that makes the behavior it follows more likely to occur afain

question

Primary reinforcer

answer

Any reinforcer that is naturally reinforcing by meeting a basic biological need such as hunger, thirst, or touch. Ex: food for a hungry person

question

Secondary reinforxer

answer

Any reinforcer that becomes reinforcing after being paired with primary reinforcer ex: money exchanged for food

question

Positive reinforcement

answer

The reinforcement of a response by the addition or experience of a pleasurable consequence ex: reward

question

Negative reinforcement

answer

The reinforcement of a response by the removal or avoidance of an unpleasant stimulus (positive reinforcement for child and negative reinforcement for mom)

question

Punishment

answer

Used to decrease a behavior or reduce its probability of recurring

question

Punishment by application

answer

The punishment of a response by the addition or experiencing of an unpleasant stimulus

question

Punishment by remval

answer

The punishment of a response by the removal of a pleasurable stimulus

question

Behavior modification

answer

Use of operant conditioning techniques to bring about desired changes in behavior

question

Token economy

answer

Type of behavior modification in which desired behavior is rewarded

question

Time out

answer

A form of mild punishment by removal in which a misbehaving animal, child, or adult is placed in a special area away from the attention of others

question

Observational learnjng

answer

Learning that occurs through watching and imitating the behaviors of others

question

Four elements of observational learning

answer

Attention, memory, imitation, and motivation

question

CR

answer

Conditioned Response

question

Classical conditioning

answer

Learning to make a reflex response to a stimulus other than to the original, natural stimulus

question

Unconditioned stimulus example

answer

Pavlov placed food in the mouths of dogs and they began to salivate. The food acted as:

question

UCR

answer

Unconditioned response

question

Spontaneous recovery

answer

Reappearance of learned response after its apparent extinction

question

UCS

answer

Unconditioned Stimulus

question

USC UCR CS CR

answer

Unconditioned stimulus (food) Unconditioned response (salivation) conditioned stimulus (bell) Conditioned response (salivation)

question

Learning

answer

Relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice

question

Brain is _____after anything is learned

answer

Physically changed

question

Any kind of change in the way an organism behaves

answer

Learning

question

Maturation

answer

Change to due to biology not experience

question

Maturation example

answer

Learning to walk

question

Ivan Pavlov

answer

Russian physiologist

question

Ivan Pavlov

answer

Discovered classical conditioning through his work on digestion in dogs

question

Classical conditioning

answer

Learning to make a reflex response to a stimulus other than the original, natural stimulus that normally produces the reflex

question

Neutral stimulus

answer

A stimulus that before conditioning has no effect on the desired response (ex:bell)

question

Unconditioned stimulus

answer

Unlearned, naturally occurring stimulus that leads to an involuntary response (ex:food involves no learning)

question

Conditioned stimulus

answer

Learned - able to produce a learned reflex response by being paired with the original unconditioned stimulus (ex the bell)

question

Conditioned response

answer

Learned reflex response to a conditioned stimulus (ex:salivation)

question

Acquistion

answer

The training during which a particular response is learned

question

Acquisition example

answer

Pavlov repeated presentations of the bell along with foos

question

Acquisition 1-4

answer

1. The CS (bell) must come before the UCS (food) 2. The CS and UCS must come very close together in time - ideally some several seconds apart 3. The neutral stimulus must be parked with the UCS several times, often many, before conditioning can take place 4. The CS bell is usually distinctive or stands out from other stimuli

question

Extinction

answer

The disappearance or weakening of a learned response following the removal or absence of the unconditioned stimulus. Ringing the bell, not presenting the food - salivation died out

question

Stimulus generalization

answer

A process that involves giving a conditioned response to stimuli that is similar to the conditioned stimulus (pavlovs dogs salivating in response to a bell instead of a tuning fork)

question

Conditioned emotional response

answer

Emotional response that has become classically conditioned to occur to learned stimuli (Watson and little Albert)

question

Phobias

answer

Irrational fear of an activity, object, or situation that is out of proportion to the actual danger

question

Systematic desensitization

answer

Classically conditioning a desired response (relaxtion) to the phobic stimuli

question

Operant conditioning

answer

The learning of voluntary behavior through the effects of pleasant and unpleasant consequences to responses

question

Thorndikes law of effect

answer

If a response is followed by a pleasurable consequence it will tend to be repeated, and if followed by an unpleasant consequence it will tend not to be repeated

question

Reinforcement

answer

Any event or stimulus that makes the behavior it follows more likely to occur afain

question

Primary reinforcer

answer

Any reinforcer that is naturally reinforcing by meeting a basic biological need such as hunger, thirst, or touch. Ex: food for a hungry person

question

Secondary reinforxer

answer

Any reinforcer that becomes reinforcing after being paired with primary reinforcer ex: money exchanged for food

question

Positive reinforcement

answer

The reinforcement of a response by the addition or experience of a pleasurable consequence ex: reward

question

Negative reinforcement

answer

The reinforcement of a response by the removal or avoidance of an unpleasant stimulus (positive reinforcement for child and negative reinforcement for mom)

question

Punishment

answer

Used to decrease a behavior or reduce its probability of recurring

question

Punishment by application

answer

The punishment of a response by the addition or experiencing of an unpleasant stimulus

question

Punishment by remval

answer

The punishment of a response by the removal of a pleasurable stimulus

question

Behavior modification

answer

Use of operant conditioning techniques to bring about desired changes in behavior

question

Token economy

answer

Type of behavior modification in which desired behavior is rewarded

question

Time out

answer

A form of mild punishment by removal in which a misbehaving animal, child, or adult is placed in a special area away from the attention of others

question

Observational learnjng

answer

Learning that occurs through watching and imitating the behaviors of others

question

Four elements of observational learning

answer

Attention, memory, imitation, and motivation

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