Motivation – Psychology – Flashcards
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?Research on the accuracy of lie detector tests indicates that they
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err about one-third of the time.
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?Research on human fear indicates that
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people seem to be biologically predisposed to learn some fears more quickly than others.
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?Rannilt was euphoric after learning that she had been accepted by the medical school of her choice. After a few weeks, however, she is only mildly excited when she thinks about her admission to medical school. This change in her feelings can best be explained in terms of the
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adaptation-level phenomenon.
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?The subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to the prevention and treatment of illness is known as
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health psychology.
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?While taking a difficult test, Cindy's muscles tense and her heart pounds. These physiological responses are
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stress reactions.
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?Because of poverty, unemployment, and overcrowding, residents of impoverished areas are especially likely to experience
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hypertension
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?A need refers to
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a physiological state that usually triggers motivational arousal.
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?The concept of a set point best illustrates an explanation of motivation in terms of
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homeostasis
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?It has been suggested that the fraternal birth-order effect is a result of
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maternal immune systems.
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?A small cluster of neurons, the nucleus accumbens, is highly active when people experience
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pleasure
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?Mr. Hanson is strongly suspected of embezzling money from his employer. He has denied the allegation. To determine whether he is lying, investigators are most likely to ask Mr. Hanson to take a(n) ________ test.
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polygraph
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?Imitating another person's facial expression of emotion is most likely to facilitate
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empathy
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?Charles Darwin's suggestion that violent gestures increase one's anger is most inconsistent with the
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catharsis hypothesis.
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?According to Abraham Maslow, our need for belongingness must be met before our need for
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esteem
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?As a psychologist employed by a medical school, Dr. McNerney specializes in research on the causes of stress and on the effectiveness of various techniques for coping with stress. Dr. McNerney is most likely a(n) ________ psychologist.
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health
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?The basic components of emotion are
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expressive behaviors, physiological arousal, and conscious experience.
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?At which stage of the general adaptation syndrome are you most likely to experience illness?
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exhaustion
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?According to the Cannon-Bard theory, the experience of an emotion
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occurs simultaneously with physiological arousal.
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?The role of learning in motivation is most obvious from the influence of
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incentives
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This sugar is our blood sugar
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glucose
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This "hypothesis" says if we force ourselves to smile, we will actually feel better.
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Facial Feedback Hypothesis
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This theory says we have a cognitive appraisal of emotion.
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Schacter Two Factor
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He studied emotions and facial expressions around the world
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Paul Ekman
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Excessive extrinsic motivation will do this to intrinsic motivation
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Reduce it (overjustification effect)
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This term describes how our hypothalamus maintains our weight like a thermostat
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set point
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An unlearned behavior that is passed down from generation to generation is this
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instinct
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this part of our brain produces a fear response
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amygdala
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this is our tendency to believe that we are worse off that other people around us
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relative deprivation
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Im LATE for lunch. Im hungry! what part of the hypothalamus (stimulated) tells our body its hungry
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Lateral hypothalamus
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This theory says we experience the feeling of emotion at the same time we have a physiological response
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Canon Bard
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This eating disorder is when girls are less than 85% of their ideal body weight. They basically starve themselves
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Anorexia
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This hormone found in the stomach stimulates hunger
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Ghrelin
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This is the fancy word for venting your emotions
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catharsis
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im a lawyer because I like to make money. I am ___________ motivated
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extriniscally
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These are the three components of Han Selye's General Adaption Syndrome (GAS)
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Alarm Resistance Exhaustion
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This "law" says we perform better under an optimal level of arousal
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Yerkes- Dodson Law
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This part of the hypothalamus (stimulated) tells your body when its full
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Ventromedial hypothalamus
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This theory of emotion says we experience emotion after a Physiological response
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James Lange theory
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he was famous for his sex studies in the 1950s
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Alfred Kinsay
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people who are motivated for no obvious reason are said to be _______________ motivated
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Intrinsically motivated ( why do we feed ducks)
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This theory explains why we want to ride rollercoasters and jump off of cliffs
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Arousal theory
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This is the idea we are driven by basic biological needs. Satisfying these needs brings us back to homeostasis. _______________ __________________ Theory
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Drive Reduction Theory
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This is our tendency to adapt to new things over time.
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adaption-level phenomenon
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Although there are 6 basic facial expressions that are culturally universal, this is the emotional difference between cultures.
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display rules
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The anterior cingulate cortex shows increased activity in response to both physical pain and ______________________
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ostracism
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Which of the following lends the most support to the view that early explorers undertook their explorations to gain wealth and fame
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incentive theorists
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What do we call a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
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motivation
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which of the following is the best example of a homeostatic process
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Cathy drinks a large amount of water to reduce thirst after a long race
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An irritated person interacts with someone who is happy, causing him or her to become happy as well. this exemplifies
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the spillover effect
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_________________ explains why, when our biological needs are satisfied, we may still feel driven to experience stimulation
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Arousal theory
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Which of the following is one of the stages of the sexual response cycle described by Masters and Johnson
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Plateau
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One consistent research findings in the area of facial expressions and emotions is the
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Universality of facial expressions across cultures
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which of the following statements about stress is true
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surgical wounds heal more slowly in stressed humans
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through their research, Robert Zajonc and Joseph LeDoux have demonstrated that some emotional responses, especially simple likes, dislikes, and fears, involve
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no deliberate thinking
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Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a framework that
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helps to describe human motivation
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_____________ is the idea that physiological needs create an aroused state that motivates an organism to reduce the need
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Drive- reduction theory
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The stress hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine are released from the
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adrenal glands
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The experience of an emotion as described by the James- Lange theory, would follow which order
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stimulus, arousal emotion
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current research suggests that sexual orientation is most likely a result of
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biology
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Although he finds it to be difficult and not much fun, Tomas puts in long hours practicing field hockey in hopes of getting a scholarship to college. This best illustrates the idea of
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Extrinsic motivation
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According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the need to have respect for ourselves and to be valued by others is classified within the category of
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Esteem needs
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Emotions are a mix of consciously experienced thoughts, expressive behaviors, and physiological arousal. Which theory emphasized the importance of the consciously experienced thoughts
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Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
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A person who eats excessively and never seems to feel full may have which of the following conditions
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tumor in the lateral hypothalamus
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