Question 1

The Animal Mind, the first textbook on comparative psychology, was written by

Accepted Answer

Margaret Washburn

Question 2

Pfungst demonstrated that the apparent thinking ability of the horse Clever Hans was really due to the animal\'s ability to respond to

Accepted Answer

Head movements

Question 3

For Watson, such subject matter as mind, consciousness, and images was

Accepted Answer

meaningless for a science of behavior.

Question 4

The puzzle box is traditionally associated with the work of

Accepted Answer

Thorndike

Question 5

Which of the following terms should be banned from psychology according to behaviorism

Accepted Answer

All of the above (image, mind, consciousness)

Question 6

An approach to learning termed ____ was developed by Thorndike

Accepted Answer

Connectionism

Question 7

Bekhterev applied

Accepted Answer

Pavlovian principles to the muscles.

Question 8

For Pavlov, humans and animals were

Accepted Answer

Humans were machines

Question 9

Bekhterev

Accepted Answer

Argued that thought processes depended upon muscle responses of the speech

Question 10

In the typical conditioning experiment done by Pavlov, the food placed in the dog\'s mouth is called the

Accepted Answer

Unconditioned stimulus

Question 11

What led Pavlov to shift from a study of theology to that of animal psychology

Accepted Answer

Darwin\'s theory

Question 12

For Comte, valid knowledge is that which is

Accepted Answer

objectively observable and social in nature.

Question 13

One part of the cerebral cortex is essentially equal to another in its contribution to learning; this is ____ principle of ____.

Accepted Answer

Lashley\'s; equipotentiality

Question 14

Watson proposed that society as a whole could be improved by

Accepted Answer

Replacing religion-based ethics (with experimental ethics)

Question 15

Watson argued that areas of applied psychology can be considered scientific because they

Accepted Answer

Seek general laws for the prediction and control of behavior

Question 16

Watson\'s position on child rearing was

Accepted Answer

That of a strong environmentalist

Question 17

Mary Cover Jones\'s study of Peter

Accepted Answer

Was a forerunner of behavior therapy

Question 18

Watson\'s second career was in

Accepted Answer

Advertising

Question 19

After his dismissal from Johns Hopkins, Watson

Accepted Answer

Published for the American public through popular media

Question 20

This man at John Hopkins University hired Watson and one year later was forced to resign because of a scandal.

Accepted Answer

James Mark Baldwin

Question 21

For Watson, the mentalistic term thinking could be

Accepted Answer

All of the choices are correct (redefined as the behavior of subvocal talking; measured by its behavior correlates (gestures); observed in measures of movements of the vocal apparatus)

Question 22

Watson argued that consumer behavior was

Accepted Answer

Under the control of the fundamental or conditioned emotional stimuli

Question 23

Watson adopted the conditioned reflex method of research established by

Accepted Answer

Pavlov and Bekhterev

Question 24

According to Watson, the three fundamental emotions displayed by infants were

Accepted Answer

Fear, rage, and love

Question 25

Skinner\'s research was unique among that of the major neobehaviorists in his

Accepted Answer

All of the choices are correct (use of the single-subject design, relative lack of a theoretical framework, concern with describing rather than explaining behavior, and rejection of variables inside the organism)

Question 26

A type of reinforcement identified by Bandura is

Accepted Answer

Vicarious

Question 27

This person claimed that his own life was \"predetermined, lawful, and orderly\" just as his system would predict.

Accepted Answer

Skinner

Question 28

Parents and employers must determine when and under what conditions children will be rewarded and employees will be paid. In both cases, they must select

Accepted Answer

Schedules of reinforcement

Question 29

For Hull, drive reduction is

Accepted Answer

The sole basis for reinforcement

Question 30

According to Tolman\'s learning theory, as a rat learns all of the sign-Gestalt relationships in a maze, the rat has acquired a

Accepted Answer

Cognitive map

Question 31

Edward C. Tolman\'s system combining the objective study of behavior with the consideration of goal-orientation in behavior is called

Accepted Answer

Purposive behaviorism

Question 32

To the end of his life, Skinner questioned whether psychology could be a science if it

Accepted Answer

Was a science of the mind

Question 33

The author of The Behavior of Organisms was

Accepted Answer

Skinner

Question 34

Hull intended to express the laws of behavior in the language of

Accepted Answer

Mathematics

Question 35

Thorndike and Hull agreed that, in order for learning to occur, the organism must

Accepted Answer

Experience reinforcement occurring after a response

Question 36

Animals tend to substitute instinctive behaviors for behaviors that have been reinforced. This tendency is called

Accepted Answer

Instinctual drift

Question 37

Tolman\'s concept of cognitive maps, i.e., that the animal learns the \"whole,\" might be traced to his work

Accepted Answer

With Koffka during graduate school

Question 38

Which of the following men devoted 10 years to the experimental investigation of hypnotic suggestibility?

Accepted Answer

Hull

Question 39

In Hull\'s system, habit strength is

Accepted Answer

The strength of the S-R connection

Question 40

The use of positive reinforcement to control the behavior of individuals and groups is called

Accepted Answer

Behavior modification

Question 41

According to Lewin, life space

Accepted Answer

corresponds to all the events that can influence a person\'s behavior.

Question 42

Gestalt psychology started as a movement opposed to

Accepted Answer

Wundt\'s approach.

Question 43

The leaders of the ____ immediately supported the Nazi regime and proclaimed the \"evil influence\" of the Jews.

Accepted Answer

German Psychological Society

Question 44

KÃ¶hler argued that solving a problem requires

Accepted Answer

A restructuring of the perceptual field

Question 45

Pavlov ____.

Accepted Answer

Replicated Kohler\'s work but found it to be \"chaotic\"

Question 46

The Gestalt protest against Wundt\'s system focused on his

Accepted Answer

Elementism

Question 47

The thrust of Gestalt psychology\'s attack on behaviorism focused on the latter\'s

Accepted Answer

Reductionism

Question 48

KÃ¶hler\'s research on Tenerife

Accepted Answer

Was analyzed based solely on his descriptions of incidents.

Question 49

The basic premise of the Gestalt principles of perception is that perceptual organization is

Accepted Answer

Innate

Question 50

The Gestalt psychologists initially chose to focus on perception

Accepted Answer

to challenge Wundtian psychology directly

Question 51

KÃ¶hler argued that trial-and-error learning

Accepted Answer

Was a consequence of not allowing the subject to see the whole situation

Question 52

The importance of perceptual constancies in the Wundt versus Gestalt debate was that the experience supported

Accepted Answer

The Gestalt position that \"completeness\" of an experience is not altered when the actual sensory components of the experience are altered

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