HUMAN SEXUALITY 9, 10, AND 11 – Flashcards
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term that dexcribes the direction of one's romantic interest and erotic attraction is
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sexual orientation
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the term that refers to an erotic attraction to, and preference for developing romantic with, members of the other sex
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heterosexuality
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the term that refers to an erotic attraction to, and preference for developing romantic relationships with, memebers of the sex
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homosexuality
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the term that refers to an erotic attratction to, and an interest for developing romantic relationships with, members of either sex is
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bisexuality
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which of the following terms does not belong with the others
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transexual Gay, homosexual, lesbian
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all of the following are reasons why the term homosexuality is conteroversial, except that
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most gays are ashamed of the use of this term because they are ashamed of being gay
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which of the following is a true statement
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most gay people are content with their gender
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which of the following statements is most accurate in comparing the sexual orientation of women and men
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women's sexual orientation seems to be more plastic or flexible than those of men.
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according to Kinsey's, approximately ? percent of the US population was goay or predominantly gay
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ten
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according to recent research, approximately ? of the United States population identify themselves as gay
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5% of men and 3% of women
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Kinsey believed that heterosexual and gay sexual oreintations were
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opposited ends of one continum
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Recent evidence supports the idea that the Kinsey continuum applies more to which gender
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both???
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in the Chivers and Bailey (2005) study of arousal and orientation is women, the women wwere likely to be aroused by
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both male and femal stimuli, regardless of their sexual orientation
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George is walking down the street one day and sees two men across the street walking hand-in-hand. He is thoroughly disgusted by theis. George's reaction is connected to
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homophobia, a charachterisitic more common in men
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which of the following statement is true
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mand bisexuals have a stronger attraction to people of one sex than another
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according to the study done by the NHSLS, approximately ? of the US populations identify themselves as being bisexual
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5%
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which of the following terms is defined as negative attitudes or feelings toward people who are attracted to both the same sex and the opposite sex
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Biphobia
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which of the following statements is true
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biphobia is experienced in both heterosexual and homosexual populations.
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which of the following is characteristic of the ancient greeks
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relationships were common between men and adolescent boys
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which of the following early societies was the most tolerant of the male.male sexual behavior
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ancient greece
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this was not a forbidden act in christian society through the middle ages.
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sex between married partners
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the following is characteristic of early chrisitians
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any nonprocreative act was viewed as sinful
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according to research, members of the ethnic minority groups in the US are ? of homosexuals than European Americans
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less tolerant
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Lesbians in ? cuclture are viewed as threats to the traditiona of male dominance and the denail of female sexuality
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Lation and latina
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Due to the ethnicities strong allegiance to christian beliefs and biblical scripture, and their desire to overcome stereotypes about their sexaul tendencies and assert their sexual normalcy, homosexuals within ? culture are urged to remain secretive about their sexual orientation
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African American
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the influence of the religions of colonists are pressures to socialize into the Eurpoean American culture led to greater rejection of lesbains and gay men within ? culture
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native american
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which statement about cross species homosexuality is ture
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male male and female female sexual activity among animals often appears to be motivated by soical dominance as opposed to being sexually motivated
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evolutionary theorist have proposed the concept of ? in their attempt to explain how male male or female female alliances could enhance group survival and thus persist through history
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reciprocal alturism
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research comparing identical twins show that
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if one identical twin is gay, the other twin has a higher than normal chance of being gay also
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researchers have found evidence linking a region on? to a gay male sexual orientation
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the x sex chromosome
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mz twins are more likely to be concordant for homosexuality than dz twins at a rate of about
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6:1
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in adulthood, testosterone appears to have activating effects. Which of the following describes these activating effects
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adults' level of testosterone affects the intenisty of their sexual desire but not the direction of that desire toward partners of the same or the other sex.
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hormones are most likely to affect sexual orientation
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while a fetus is the uterus
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simon levay's research on brain differences of heterosexuals and homosexuals
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suggests a correlation between brain differences and sexual orientation
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Recent research from sweden reports that sexual differentiation of the brain and of the genitals
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can occur independently
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In the 2005 swedish study, the brains of homosexual men showed brain activation similar to heterosexual women to chemical compounds found in male sweat, but heterosexual men did not show this pattern of brain activation to the chemical. which of the following is the best explanation for this finding.
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based on this one study, we cannot conclude what caused these findings
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who was the originator of psychoanalytic theory?
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freud
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problmes with freuds theroies result from which of the following
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because most of his theories lie at the unconscious level, they cannot be studied scientfically.
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gender nonconformity refers to the failure to conform to
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the gender role stereotypes that are consisent with one's anatomic sex.
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ACCORDING TO THE TEXT, what percentage of americans tent to respond that homsexuality is "always wrong"
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around 60%
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regarding attitudes toward homosexuality in the US in recent years, ? of american believe same-sex sexual behavior is wrong and ? of americans believe homosexual people should have equal rights.
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the majority, a small percentage.
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Which of the following statements about attitudes toward homosexuality in America today is most accurate
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younger Americans are more likely to agree that gay people should be allowed to get married than are older americans.
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in 2012, what percentage of Americans were willing to have legalized gay and lesbian marriage
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40%
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according to the text, all of the following countries extend full marriage rights to same sex couples as of 2009, except
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mexico
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the first state in the US to legalize marriage for same sex couples was
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Massachussetts.
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what accurately describes Americans; beliefs whether homosexual indviduals are born gay or if they chose to become gay
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over the last several decades, Americans have become more likely to believe that homosexuals are born gay, even though this believe is still helmd by a minority of americans
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the beginning of the current gay rights movement in the US is usually traced to the
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stone wall incident
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at one time in our history, every state in the US had ? laws on the books that prohibited consenting adults from engaging in specific sexual behaviors
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sodomy
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which of the following is true regarding Pres. Clintons dont ask, don't tell policy for gay men and lesbians in the military
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it was a compromise on his campaign pleadge to allow gays to serve openly.
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which of the following statements best characterizes prez clintons 1993 policy regarding gays in the military?
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gay men and owmen can serve but are prohibited from revealing their sexual orientation
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during the 80's and 90's, what became the key topic for gay activists in the US
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HIV AIDS
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In 2011, Persident Obama
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gave gay males and lesbians the right to openly serve in the military
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which of the following institutions now has the clearest policy of discrimination against gay and lesbians
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the untied states military
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the following description of metal disorders comparing homosexuals to heterosexuals are true, except
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homosexual males and females are more likely than hetereosexuals to experience feelings of anxiety and depression
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which hypothesized cause for the relationship between homosexuality and mental health has been suggested by several prominent researchers
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societal oppression may cause the greater incidence of depression and suicide among homosexual individuals
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in bell and weinbergs comparison of heterosexual and gay lifestyles, they found which of the following
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gay people who live together in stable relationships were about as well adjusted as married heterosexual couples
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research indicates that children raised by gay parents
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grow up as well adjusted as children raised by heterosexual couples
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compared to non-gay teens, the rate of gay teens that have psychological adjustment problmes including depression and suicide is
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higher
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laws that dictate stronger penalties for violent crimes deemed to be motivated by bias or prejuidce are commonly called
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hate crime laws
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which incidence is said to have added fuel to the fire of hatered and perjudice toward gays
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hiv aids
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what two steps are evident when a homosexual person "comes out of the closet"
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coming out to oneself and coming out to others
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researchers found the average gap between initial attraction to members of one's own set and disclosure of one's orientation to other people took how long on average.
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10 years
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historically, males in the US have come out ? than females
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two years earlier
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what is a zygote
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a fertilized ovum
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chromosome abnormality cause by and extra chromosome on the 21st pair. retarded mental growth
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down syndrome
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which of the following statements about sperm is correct
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sperm bearing the Y sex chromosome are faster swimmers
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it is estimated that for every 100 females who are conceived, how many males are conceived
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120-150
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a typical female's ovaries will release about how many viable eggs over her reproductive lifetime
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400
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a miscarriage
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spontaneous abortion
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what is the gelatinous layer that surronds an ovum
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zona pellucida
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during an average month, a human female is fertile for about how many days
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5-6 DAYS
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hyalurondidase is an
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enzyme allwoing a sperm to penetrate an ovum
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an ovum can be fertilized for up to how many hours after ovulation
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20
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just prior to ovulation, basal body temp
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dips slightly then rises and remains elevated until menstruation
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over the counter ovulation kits analyse the urine or saliva for the presence of
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LH
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a few days before ovulation, cervical mucous
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become thin, slippery, and clear
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women can improve their chances of conception by using
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male superior coital position
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how long should a couple have tried to conceive before being considered infertile
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12 months
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of couples who experience infertility problems, how many will eventually succeed in conceiveing a child
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50%
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which of the following causes fertility problems for men
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low sperm, low moibility, thyroid disease
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what is the most common fertility problme for men
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low sperm count
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what does not lower a mans sperm count
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infrequent ejaculations
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icreasing age is typically associated with
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decreasing fertility for men and women
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what two hormones play an important role in ovulation
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FSH LH
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For men whose sperm lack a tail, which procedure produces the best chance of conception
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removal of sperm from the testes and in vitro fertilization
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which of the following does not cause infertility in women
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low blood sugar
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the use of fertility drugs by women may lead to
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multiple births
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endometriosis occurs when
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cells break away from the uterine lining, implant and grow elsewhere
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laparoscopy is
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a medical procedure in which a long, narrow tube is inserted through an incision in the navel, permitting the visual inspection of organs in the pelvic cavity
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in a rubin test
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carbon dioxide is blown into the uterus to check for blocked fallopian tubes
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in vitro fertilization is a procedure in which
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eggs are removed from the ovary, fertilized, and implanted in the uterus
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if the newspaper says a newborn was a "test tube baby" it means that
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it is conceived outside the mother's body
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which procedure involves placing the parents' zygote in the mother's fallopian tubes
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ZIFT
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charlene and her husband want to have a baby, but charlene cannot procedure any ova in her ovaries. which procedure will charlene have to try in order to give birth
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donor ivf
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? is a method of conception in which a woman volunteer is artificially inseminated by the male partner of the intended mother, after which the embryo is removed from the volunteer and inserted into the uterus of the intended mother
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embryonic transfer
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for many women the first sign of pregnancy is
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missing a period
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what is the hormone produced by women shortly after conception that stimulates the corpus luteum to continue to produce progesterone
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HCG
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the beta subunit HCG radioimmunossay can detect pregnancy about
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eight days after conception
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over the counter pregnancy test are intended to detect
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HCG in the urine
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Home pregnancy test measure a woman's urine for the presence of what hormoe
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HCG
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The most likely reson for a woman to have a miscarriage is
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serious genetic abnormalities in the fetus.
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another term for spontaneous abortions is
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miscarriage
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In most women, morning usually subsides by the
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twelfth week
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provided that the pregnancy is progressing normally and the woman has no history of miscarriage, how long is it safe to have intercourse
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intercourse is safe up until labor
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sexual intercourse during pregnacy
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poses no risk to either the mother of the baby to be
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approximately what percent of women report that they fear sexual intercourse during pregnancy
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25%
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psychologically, the ? of pregnancy is generally the smoothest phase of the pregnancy.
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second trimester
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what exciting event occurs first during the second trimester of a pregnancy
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first sensations of fetal movements
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which of the following correctly lists the stages of prenatal development
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germinal, embryonic, fetal
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the germinal stage of pregnancy refers to the first
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two weeks after conception
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how long does it take a zygote to reach the uterus
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3-4 days
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several days into the germinal stage, the cell mass takes the form of a flud-filled ball of cells, which is called a
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blastocyst
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as it enters the uterus, a fertilized egg is now referred to as a
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zygote
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what is the correct order of stages for a fertilized egg
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zygote, blastocycst, embryo, fetus
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in what week of development does the heart begin beating
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the fourth week
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the protective enviroment in which the fetus grows is called the
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amniotic sac
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the ? is primarily responsible for the filtering and passage of incoming nutrients and outgoing wastes for the embryo
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placenta
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blood flow in the placenta
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allows certain subsbance to pass through the placenta even thought the two circulatory systems dont mix
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the fetal stage begins
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ninth week
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when do pregnant women generally begin to feel movement
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four months after conception
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when all the major organs are formed, the embryo is called a
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fetus
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a cephalic presentation means the baby is
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head down
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any enviromental susbstance which has the ability to cause an embryonic or a fetal abnormality is refered to as a
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teratogen
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environmental influences or agents that can harm the embryo or fetus are called
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teratogen
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the critical period of vulnerability is a period of time during which and embryo or fetus is vulnerable to the effect of
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teragogens
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marianne is 7 months pregnant. she was recently exposed to the rubella and was never immunized as a kid. she is concerned about the risk to her baby if she contracts the virus. what should she know
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the highest risk of fetal damage from rubella occurs in the first eigth weeks of pregnancy
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cherisse is 4 weeks pregnant. routine blood screening reveals that she is carrying syphilis. what should cherisse know
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she can prevent transmission the fetus by being treated with antibiotics before the 4th months
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life threatening complication during pregnancy that is chacterized by high blood pressure is called
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toxemia
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toxemia appears to be linked to
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malnutrition
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most ectopic pregnancies occur in the
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fallopian tubes
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in RH incompatiblity
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the mother's antibodies attack the fetus's red blood cells
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baby M is small for her gestational age. She has a noticeably flattened nose and widely spaced eyes and her brain is smaller than average. what could cause this
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alcohol
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maternal cigareete smoking produces all of the following except
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hypoactivity
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all of the following are characterisitics of down syndrome except
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blood that does not clot properly
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which of the following increases the risk of giving birth to an infant with downs
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older age of mother
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sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder that primarily affects
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african americans
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elaine is 37, four months into her pregnancy elaian obtains ? in order to check for the presence of chromosomal abnormalities
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amniocentesis
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for about a month after delivery, women typically experience a reddish vag dischage called
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lochia
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how long is the time most ob advise a couple to wait after birth for sex
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six weeks
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amniocentisis is a procedure used to
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check for chromosomal abnormalities
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baraxton hicks contractions
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are false labor contractions
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which two hormones cause contractions
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prostaglandins and oxytocin
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stage one labor is marked by
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dialation of cervix
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in the first stage of labor the cervix dialates to
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4 inches
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in the stages of childbirth, transition refers to
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a period of intense contractions during which the cervix becomes fully dialated
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transition end which stage of childbirth
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1st
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delivery of the baby occurs druing which stage of childbirth
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second
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prior to birthing, a surgical inscision known as a episotomy may be made to cut
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perineum
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during the thrid stage of labor
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placenta is expelled
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when a woman is put deeply asleep as a way to avoid pain in childbirth the procedure is called
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general anesthesia
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the lamaze method of childbirth teaches a woman
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special breathing and relaxation techniques
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what percent of newborns in the US in 2012 were delivered by c section
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33%
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women who have csections are ? times as likely to experience a pregnancy related death as women who deliver vag
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2
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in preterm infants, respiratory distress syndrome frequently results from
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insufficient lining of the airways with surfactant
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WHIH OF THE FOLLOWING ARE COMMON REACTIONS AFTER EXPERIENCING A STILL BIRTH
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ANY OF THE ABOVE REACTIONS MAY BE EXPERIENCED
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BABY LUES TYPICALLY LASt ? and are considered ? by mental health pros
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10 days, normal
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postpartum depression is
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A PERIOD OF SADNESS AND WORTHLESSNESS EXPERIENCED BY SOME MOTHERS THAT MY LINGER FOR MONTHS AND IS CONSIDERED TO BE A SERIOUS MOOD DISORDER
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ABOUT HOW MANY MOTHERS IN THE US AND CANDA BREAST FEED THEIR BABIES
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70%
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WHICH HORMONE STIMULATES THE PRODUCTION OF MILK
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prolactin
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the best method to prevent pregnancy and protect against STI is
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absitence
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in greek and roman times what was used for contraception
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absorbent materials placed in the vagina
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the earliest versions of condoms consisted of sheaths
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made out of linen
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in the US history, the comstock Law
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outlawed the spread of contraceptive info, even by physcians
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the first setp in undoing the comstock law occurred when
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courts ruled that physicians must be able to discuss the prevention and cure for sti's
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a comb pill contains
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estrogen and progestin
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the minipill releases
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progesterone
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the most popular form of birth control for single women of child bearing age is
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the birth control pill
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oral contraceptives are most commonly reffered to as
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the pill
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comb pill contains synthetic
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estrogen and progesterone
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which is not a type of combo pill
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mini pill
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progestin
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increases the thickness and acidity of the cervical mucous
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besides thickening the cervical mucus, the minipill also
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suppresses ovulation
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in general, birth control pills work by
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preventing ovulation or implantantion
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the perfect failure rate of the bc pill is ? and the typical failure rate is ?
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.5% and 3%
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failure rate for the typical use of birth control pill is
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3%
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if a woman forgets to take her birth control pill in the first week she should
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take two pills immediately
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one disadvantage of using oral contraceptive pills is that they
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offer no protection against sti's
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After, stopping the use of oral contraceptives, nine out of ten women begin ovulating regularly within
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three months
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which is a helathy side effect from birth control pills
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all the above. reduce PID, regurlaize cycle, reduce cramps
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of the follwoing, which is not noted to be a benefit of oral contraceptive use
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reduction of high blood pressure
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many women in their mid to late thirties switch from oral contraceptives to other birth control methods
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because of an increased risk of cardiovascular disease
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which of the following is not a possible result of women taking progestin
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enlarged breast size
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the moring after pill
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commonly causes nausea in its users
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health professionals caution that if the morning-after pill fails
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the fetus might be damaged by exposure to the hormones the pill contains
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all of the following contraceptives work in similar ways except which of the following
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spermicides
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what is a potential benefit of the contraceptive patch over contraceptive pills
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the woman does not have to think about contaception daily
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a woman using depo provera must receive an injection
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every three months
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according to Dr. Autumn, Depo-Provera is
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an injectable hormonal contraceptive
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which of the following forms of contraception also affords protection against contracting STI's
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none, but condoms
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nina is concerened about the effectiveness of Deop as a contraceptive strategy, what should you tell nina about the failure rate
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the failure rate is comparable to sterilization
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what is the second most common contraceptive method in the US
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injectible contraceptives
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what is true about Intrauterine devices
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they have been used by human since greek times
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worldwide, the hightes rate of IUD use is in
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china
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IUD use in the US during the last ten years has
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tripled
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which of the following has been suggested as a possible way that an IUD prevents pregnancy
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by irritating the uterine lining
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an advantage of the copper T IUD over oral contraceptives is that the IUD
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does not interfere with homone production
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what is a potential problem with the use of IUD's
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they can cause excessive menstural cramps
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IUD use is not recommended for women with a history of
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ectopic pregnancies
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jessica has become pregnant with an IUD in place, what are the chances that she will have a miscarriage
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50%
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the diaphragm's main function is to
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keep spermicide in place
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which of the follwoing si a barrier method of contraception
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diaphragm
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Marcu and Venessa have planned a romantic evening of dinner and dancing. In prep for sex, Venessa inserts her diaphragm before leaving the house at seven. After the night of dinner and dancing she expects to arrive at home with Marcus around midnight. what should vanessa know
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her spermicide is only good for two hours
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for maximum effectiveness, how long must a diaphragm be kept in after intercourse
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6 hours
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suzanne uses a diaphragm and after having a steamy encounter with a man at a party she does not want to risk a pregnancy from a one night stand. She decides to leave the diaphragm in place for a couple days. which the following is a possible result of this decision
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she is putting herself at risk of toxic shock syndrome by leaving the diaphragm in too long
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in typical use, the failure rate of diaphragm is about
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18%
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which is true about nonoxynol-9
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it does not protect against stis and may increase the risk of HIV infection
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regarding the ways the contraceptive sponge is used and the way it works, it is similar to al of the followng except
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iUD
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in contrast to the diaphragm, the cervical cap
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is smaller and can provide protection up to 48 hours
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which is not true about the cervical cap
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they sometimes can cause irritation to the uterus
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which of the following methos of contraception provides the best protection against sti's
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a male condom
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whay are latex and polyurethane condomes recommended over lambskin condoms
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lambskin condoms allow viruses such as HIV to pass through
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today, the condom is making a comeback as a contraceptive device largely because
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it protects from stis and HIV
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hansel is considering becoming sexually active. he wants to use condoms to protect against the possibility of contracting an STI or HIV, which type of condom should he use.
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he should use latex condoms
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jeff and wanda use condoms as their primary form of contraception. As part of their foreplay, jeff likes to tease wanda by dipping. during which he rubs the head of his penis on the opening of her vagina, but he does not insert it. what should jeff and wanda know
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IF THEY USE CONDOMS, JEFF SHOULD WEAR THE CONDOM BEFORE DIPPING
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of the following lubricants, which is safe to use with a condom
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ky jelly
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for maximum protection from pregnancy, partners using condoms should
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combine condom use with spermicide
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most likely reason for condom failure is
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manufacturing defects
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most women who follow the calendar method need to abstain from coitus for at least
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seven days
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in the menstrual cycle basal body temp
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dips slightly just before ovulation and then rises and remains elevated unitl mensturation
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the ovulation mehtod of contraception
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tracks changes in the viscosity of cerivcal mucous
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in a cervical mucus check, ovulation is indicated by
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slippery, clear muscous
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in natural family planning methods, the estimated first year failure rate in typical use is about
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20%
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the cervical mucus method of contraception requires
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intercourse be avoided unitl three days after peak levels of clear mucus
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besides abstinence, which is the most effective form of contraception
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sterilization
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sterilization involves
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surgery
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the most widely used birth control method among couples over the age of 30 in commited relationships is
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sterilization
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the male sterilization preocedure used today is the
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vasectomy
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in a vasectomy
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each vas deferens is severed
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a studies show that en who have had vasectomies face
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a none to slightly increased risk of prostate cancer
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one disadvantage of the vasecotomy procedure is
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it is permanent
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the simplest form of female sterilization involoves
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cutting and tying the fallopian tubes
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tubal sterilization
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tubal ligation, most common form of female sterilization, prevents ova and sperm from passing through fallopian tube
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what is the most popular female sterilization method in the US
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tubal ligation
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what is one reason douching does not prevent pregnancy
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because sperm are traveling toward the uterus in fifteen seconds douching is too late
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douching after intercoursemay
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actually propel sperm toward the uterus
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which of the following is not a rcommended method for contraception
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withdrawal
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what percentage of abortions in the US occur during hte first trimester
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88%
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regarding abortion debates about when human life begins, scientific evidence suggests which of the following answers
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theis question is likely a matter of definition , and is not likely to be resolved with scientific evidence
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abortion became legal in the US as a result of
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Roe vs Wade
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the supreme court effectively legalized abortion in the US based on which of the following constitutional principals
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right to privacy
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which statement is true regarding the history of abortion
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abortion was legal in the US from 1607 to 1828
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in recent attitude polls, the majority of Americans ? upholding the Supreme Court decision that legalized abortion in the Us
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Support
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the safest and most common method of abortion is
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vacuum aspiration
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as a method of abortion, vacuum aspiration can be performed
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during the first trimester only
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the most commonly used abortion method during the second trimester
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dilation and evacuation