Candide Study Guide – Flashcards
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Satire
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a story that uses laughter and abusive language in an attempt to cure and punish wrong-doing, if it does not achieve it is content with making jokes at foolishness and to expose evil
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Folly
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lack of good sense
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vier
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an evil practice, moral failing, wicked conduct
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Invective
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insulting/abusive
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Target of Satire
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can be anything, usually a specific person, low, or government
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Static Character
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a character that does not experience changes during the story
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Dynamic Character
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a character that experiences changes throughout the story
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Enlightenment
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"Age of reason" emphasized reason and individuality
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Cultivate our Garden
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1) we must grow and strengthen our garden of life 2) we need to work hard to make our life the best
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Voltaire's attitude toward Religion
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central target of Voltaire's mockery, religion is corrupt
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Voltaire's attitude toward humanity
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part of the natural continuum with animals, believed that if humans replace their superstition with knowledge the world would be better
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Voltaire's attitude toward philosophy
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its not good to explain deaths
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Voltaire's attitude toward philosophical optimism
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whole point of Candide, every time something bad would happen, a good would be made out of it
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Lisbon earthquake
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it proved Voltaire thinking, examined problem of evil, Gods relationship was not for worlds best
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How is it didactic
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it is didactic because many philosophies are brought ot the table to freak the readers
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Optimism in Candide
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everything is made to serve an end, cause and effect will justify every instance of evil in terms of the eventual
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Free will in Candide
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key destination between man/animals, men determine their own fate, cultivate our garden
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Evil in Candide
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phenomenon of evil can be rationalistic, evil isnt necessary
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Pity in Candide
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we cant have excuses of pity
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Pleasure vs. Criticism
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only possible pleasure comes from criticizing things, intended to bring the spectator pleasure
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Purpose of Satire
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1) make people laugh and then make them think 2) Funny but maybe we shouldn't be laughing 3) To force change for the better
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Pangloss
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"best of all possible worlds" there cant be an effect without cause
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Martin
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Cynical Scholar, pessimist, cant see the world as it is
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Cocambo
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very practical, opposes pangloss and martin
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Old Women
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extremely wise from long difficult experiences in life
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Philosophical Optimism
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We live in the best possible world, God created a physical universe that applies the laws of physics, everything that takes place occurs for good
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Complacency
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Self Satisfaction
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Providence
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protective of God or of nature as a spiritual power
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Ancients
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favored old ideas, truth is universal, classical past
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Moderns
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favored change, believed ides of truth and continue to evolve, looked to change societies thinking on woman, individualism, ancients weren't perfect.
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Theodicy
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vindication of divine goodness and providence in view of the existence of evil
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Problem of evil
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it is the argument that an all-powerful, all knowing, and all good God would not allow any evil
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Deism
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belief in the existence of a supreme being, God has created the world, but in apart from it
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Argument from design
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Gods existence is demonstrable from the evidence of design in the universe
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Bildungsroman
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a novel of formation, education through experience, main character grows from childhood to maturity and to eventually embrace or reject his cultures beliefs
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Erziehungsroman
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a novel of education and training, the education is formal or informal
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Didatic
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intended to instruct, inclined to moralize, morally instructive
