question

Psychological science seeks to answer questions about how people ________, _________, and ________ as they do

answer

Think, Feel, act

question

The Greek philosophers _________, and __________ concluded that the _______ is separate from the _________ and that knowledge is _________. One of their students _________, disagreed, arguing that the knowledge grows from the _______________ stored in our minds

answer

Socrates, Plato, mind, body, innate, Aristotle, experiences

question

French Philospoher __________ believed that ___________ ___________ flow from the brain through what we call ____________ to the muscles, enabling body movement

answer

Descartes, animal spirits, nerves

question

English philosopher ________ argued that the mind at birth is a ______ _______, or tabula rasa. His ideas, together with those of his countrymen _________, helped form _____________, the view that science should rely on __________ and ___________________.

answer

Locke, Tabula rasa, Bacon, empiricism, observation, experimentation

question

The first psychological laboratory was founded in 1879 by ________ ______. His student, ____________, introduced the school of _______________, which explored the basic elements of mind using the method of ____________. This method proved _______________.

answer

Wilhelm Wundt, Titchener, Structuralism, Introspectism, unreliable

question

The first female president of the American Psychological Association was __________ __________. The first woman to receive a Ph.D in psychology was _____________ _____________

answer

Mary Calkins, Margaret Washborn

question

Psychologist who explore thinking and behavior by conducting experiments are called _________ __________

answer

Experimental psychologists

question

The historical roots of psychology include the fields of ______________ and __________

answer

Philosophy, Biology

question

Some early psychologists included Ivan Pavlov who pioneered the study of ___________; the personality theorist __________; and Jean Piaget, who studied _______________

answer

Learning, Freud, Children

question

In its earliest years, psychology was defined as the science of _________ life. From the 1920's into the 1960's, psychology in America was redefined as the science of ____________ _____________.

answer

Mental, observable behavior

question

During the 1960's, psychology underwent a __________ revolution as it began to recapture interest in how our __________ processes and retains information. The study of brain activity linked with mental activity is called ___________ __________

answer

Cognitive, Mind, Cognitive Neuroscience

question

The text author defines psychology as the scientific study of __________ and __________ processes.

answer

Behavior, Mental

question

In this definition "behavior" refers to any action that we can _____________ and _____________, and "mental processes" refers to the internal, _________ _____________ we ______ from behavior

answer

Observe, Record, Subjective Experiences, Infer

question

As a science psychology is less a set of findings than a way of ________________________________________________________________________

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Asking and answering questions

question

Worldwide, the number of psychologists is _____________. Thanks to international publications and meetings, psychological science is also _____________.

answer

Increasing, Globalizing

question

The nature-nurture issue is the relative contributions of ___________ and ______________.

answer

Biology, Experience

question

Although the debate continues, we will see that __________ works on what ________ endows and that every ________________ event is simultaneously a ____________ event.

answer

Nature, Nature, Psychological, Biological

question

Each person is a complex _________ that is part of a larger __________ _________ and at the same time composed of smaller systems. For this reason, psychologists work from three main ____________ of _____________, ____________, ____________-___________, and _______________ which together form an integrated ___________________ approach to the study of behavior and mental processes

answer

System, Social System, Levels, Anyallisis, biological, Psychological, Social Cultural, Biosychosocial

question

Psychologists who study how natural selection influences behavior tendencies are working from the __________________ perspective.

answer

Evolutionary

question

Psychologist who believe that behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts are working from the ____________ perspective

answer

Psychodynamic

question

Psychologists who study the mechanisms by which observable responses are acquired and changed are working from the _____________ perspective

answer

Behavioral

question

The ______________ perspective explores how we encode, process, store, and retrieve information

answer

Cognitive

question

Psychologists working from the historically important ______________ perspective explore how people attempt to fulfill their potential.

answer

Humanistic

question

Psychologists who study how thinking and behavior vary in different situations are working from the _____________-_____________ perspective.

answer

Social-Cultural

question

The different perspectives on the big issues ____________ one another

answer

Complement

question

Psychologists who study our changing abilities from womb to tomb are ________________ psychologists

answer

Developmental

question

Educational Psychologists study influences on ___________ and ___________.

answer

Teaching, Learning

question

Psychologists who investigate our persistant traits are ___________ psychologists, where those who explore how we view and affect one another are social ___________

answer

Personality, Social

question

Psychologists who help people cope with problems in living are called _____________ psychologists. Psychologists who study, assess, and treat troubled people are called _____________ psychologists

answer

Counseling, Clinical

question

Medical doctors who provide psychotherapy and treat physical causes of psychological disorders are called ______________.

answer

Psychiatrists

question

To master any subject, you must __________ process it.

answer

Actively

question

List Five study tips

answer

Distribute study time, Learn to think critically, in class learning actively, Overlearn, and be a smart test taker

question

What does SQ3R stand for?

answer

Survey, Question, Read, Review, and Reflect

question

The Branch of psychology devoted to measuring our abilities, attitudes, and traits is _____________.

answer

Psychometrics

question

Psychologists may be involved in conducting ________ ____________, which builds psychology's knowledge base, or ________ _____________, which seeks solutions to practical problems.

answer

Basic research, applied research

question

In 1859, naturalist _________ __________ explained species variation by proposing the process of ____________, which works through the principle of ________ ____________. This is the principles that traits contributing to _______ and ___________ will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.

answer

Charles Darwin, Evolution, Natural Selection, survival, reproduce

question

Under the influence of evolutionary theorist Charles Darwin, psychologist ________ assumed that thinking developed because it was ___________. He founded the school of ____________, which focused on how mental and behavioral processes enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish

answer

James, adaptive, functionalism

question

Biological Perspective

answer

How the body and brain create emotions, memories, and sensations

question

Social-Cultural perspective

answer

How people differ as products of different environments

question

Psychiatry

answer

The medical treatment of psychological disorders

question

Clinical psychology

answer

The study, assessment, and treatment of troubled people

question

Humanistic perspective

answer

The historically significant perspective that emphasized people's potential for growth

question

Behavioral perspective

answer

The mechanisms by which observable responses are acquired and changed

question

Industrial-organizational psychology

answer

Behavior in the workplace

question

Cognitive perspective

answer

How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information

question

Basic Research

answer

Adds to psychology's knowledge base

question

Applied research

answer

The study of practical problems

question

Evolutionary perspective

answer

How natural selection favors traits that promote the perpetuation of one's genes.

question

Psychodynamic perspective

answer

The disguised effects of unfulfilled wishes and childhood traumas

question

Stucturalism

answer

An early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the contents of the mind

question

Functionalism

answer

An early school of psychology that focused on the adaptive value of thoughts and behaviors

question

Behaviorism

answer

The view that psychology should be an objective science that avoids reference to mental processes

question

Cognitive neuroscience

answer

Brain activity linked with perception, thinking, memory, and language

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