Psychology Midterm Review – Flashcards
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Some modern cognitive psychologists model the human mind on computers.
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True
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Data from a survey can prove that changes in one variable cause changes in another variable.
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True
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One way to choose a representative sample in a survey is to
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select people at random from a population.
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Which modern psychological perspective is most influenced by the ideas of Sigmund Freud?
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psychodynamic psychology
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Which of the following statements is true about a child's temperament?
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It is the child's natural style of reacting to the world.
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Erik Erikson believed that psychosocial development continues throughout life.
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True
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An infant that does not form a secure attachment to a parent or other caregiver is likely to
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fear strangers.
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What did Sigmund Freud call his method of treating patients?
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psychoanalysis
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Cultural psychologists think that all people think the same way regardless of their culture.
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False
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Juvenile delinquency refers to
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destructive behaviors that are committed by people under age 18.
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A factor that can vary among people taking part in an experimental study is known as a
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variable.
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Which statement best reflects the approach of Gestalt psychology?
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The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
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Your identity is your sense of
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self.
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Introspection involves looking inward and identifying conscious feelings and mental images.
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True
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Cognitive psychology is the scientific study of
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mental processes such as reasoning and remembering.
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Behavior is defined as the actions and reactions of human beings and other animals.
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True
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A study of a single person is called a
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case study.
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Any differences between identical twins must be due to their
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environment.
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A correlation is a scientific principle that explains many observations.
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False
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A placebo is a substance that is unlikely to affect the dependent variable.
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True
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Forensic psychologists give expert advice about
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legal issues.
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Developmental psychologists study only infancy and childhood.
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False
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The first goal of data analysis is to communicate research results.
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False
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People taking part in an experiment are called variables.
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False
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The last step in social learning is reinforcement for performing a behavior.
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True
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Which type of psychologist would be most likely to treat people with serious emotional problems?
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clinical psychologist.
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What is the Milgram experiment?
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An unethical study that showed the need for informed consent.
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If you stroke a newborn's cheek, the baby will turn her head toward your hand. This is called the
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rooting reflex.
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Teens that are not accepted by their peers are more likely to
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adopt risk behaviors.
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A specific statement that predicts the answer to a research question is a
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hypothesis.
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Attachment is an emotional bond between an infant and caregiver.
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True
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A psychological treatment that involves talking with patients to help them solve their problems is called
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psychotherapy.
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Two variables are correlated whenever
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both change together in a consistent way.
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A deliberate, drastic weight loss is most commonly associated with
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anorexia nervosa.
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People that attempt suicide and survive will never attempt suicide again.
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False
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Psychology is the study of
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thoughts, feelings, behaviors.
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Subjects in experimental and control groups should be as different as possible.
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True
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Jean Piaget is well known for his stages of
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cognitive development.
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Organizing and interpreting information from the senses is called
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perception.
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Identifying unconscious drives is a major concern of biological psychologists.
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False
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In the nature-nurture debate, nature refers to the influence of the environment.
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False
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Which approach to psychology is associated with the "father of psychology," Wilhelm Wundt?
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structuralism.
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In Kohlberg's conventional stage of moral development, moral decisions are based on
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society's expectations and laws.
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Researchers can generalize from a sample to a population if the sample is representative of the population.
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True
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A permissive style of parenting includes
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showing positive affection, rarely setting limits, making few demands.
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The psychologist that developed a hierarchy of human needs is
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Abraham Maslow.
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Which current perspective in psychology is the scientific study of behavior?
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behavioral psychology
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Object permanence is the understanding that
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things continue to exist even when they cannot be seen.
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In the formal-operation stage of cognitive development, teens develop the ability to
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think about abstract ideas, predict outcomes of hypothetical situations,understand cause and effect.
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What is maturation?
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the processes by which one becomes an adult
