AP English 11 Final Exam Study Guide – Flashcards
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figurative language
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metaphor, simile, analogy, etc.
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allusion
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a brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing or idea of historical, cultural, literary or political significance.
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apostrophe
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a figure of speech in which one directly addresses an absent or imaginary person, or some abstraction
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repetition
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repeated use of sounds, words, or ideas for effect and emphasis
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anaphora
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a rhetorical figure of repetition in which the same word or phrase is repeated in (and usually at the beginning of) successive lines, clauses, or sentences.
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cumulative sentence
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sentence that completes the main idea at the beginning of the sentence and then builds and adds on
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periodic sentence
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a sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end.
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imperative sentence
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sentences that give commands
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call to action
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writing that urges people to action or promote change
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juxtaposition
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the fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect
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euphemism
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a mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing
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tone
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a writer's attitude toward his or her subject matter revealed through diction, figurative language, and organization on the sentence and global levels
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mood
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a literary element that evokes certain feelings or vibes in readers through words and descriptions
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irony
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a contrast or discrepancy between what is stated and what is really meant, or between what is expected to happen and what actually does happen
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syntax
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the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language
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diction
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the choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing
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hyperbole
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a figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion, make a point, or evoke humor
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parody
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a work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule
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satire
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a literary work that criticizes human misconduct and ridicules vices, stupidities, and follies.
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narration
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the retelling of an event or series of events -1st person: I, me, we, our -2nd person: you, yours -3rd person: he/she, it, they, their, one
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hortative sentence
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a sentence that exhorts, urges, entreats, implores, or calls to action
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extended metaphor
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a metaphor that continues throughout a series of sentences in a paragraph or lines in a poem
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antimetabole
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repetition of words in reverse order
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asyndeton
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the omission or absence of a conjunction between parts of a sentence
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polysyndeton
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the deliberate use of a series of conjunctions
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anecdote
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a brief narrative that focuses on a particular incident or event
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antithesis
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a balancing of two opposite or contrasting words, phrases, or clauses
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synopsis
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a brief statement giving a general view of some subject, book, etc.; a summary
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dystopia
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imaginary place where living conditions are dreadful
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utopia
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imaginary place where living condition are absolutely perfect
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straw man argument
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a weak interpretation of someone else's argument in order to make it easier to refute
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polysyllabic
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having many syllables
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eponym
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the name derived from a person (real or imaginary); the person for whom something is named
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thesis
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focus statement of an essay; premise statement upon which the point of view or discussion in the essay is based
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allegory
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a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one
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oxymoron
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a combination of two words that appear to contradict each other
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syllogism
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a form of deductive reasoning in which the conclusion is supported by a major and minor premise
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colloquial
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conversational; informal in language
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vernacular
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everyday language of ordinary people
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connotation
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all the meanings, associations, or emotions that a word suggests
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zeugma
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use of two different words in a grammatically similar way that produces different meanings
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parallelism
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phrases or sentences of a similar construction/meaning placed side by side, balancing each other
