Chapter 5 – pollen and spore examination – Flashcards
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angiosperm
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a flowering plant that produces seeds within a fruit
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exine
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outer layer of the wall of a pollen grain or spore
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forensic palynology
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the use of pollen and spore evidence to help solve criminal cases
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gymnosperm
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a plant with naked seeds that are not enclosed in a protective chamber (fruit) such as an evergreen
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palynology
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the study of pollen and spore evidence to help solve crime cases
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pistil
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the female reproductive part of a flower where eggs are produced
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pollen profile
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the number and type of pollen grains found in a geographic area at a particular time of year
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pollen grain
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a reproductive structure that contains the male gametes of seed plants
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pollination
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the transfer of pollen from the male part to the female part of a seed plant
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spore
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an asexual reproductive structure that can develop into an adult found in certain protists plants and fungi
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stamen
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the male reproductive part of a flower consisting of the anther and filament where pollen is produced
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what is forensic palynology the study of?
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the study of spores and pollen to help solve crimes
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what is a pollen fingerprint?
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the number and type of pollen grains found in a geographic region at a certain time of the year
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what is a pollen grain and what does it contain?
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a pollen grain is a reproductive structure that contains the male gametes of seed plants
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what is a spore and where is it found?
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a spore is an asexual reproductive structure that can develop into an adult and its found in certain protists (algae) plants and fungi
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what principle is the use of pollen and spores based off of?
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the locard principle
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what are the two groups that seed plants are split into?
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gymnosperms and angiosperms
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what are gymnosperms?
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gymnosperms are non inclosed seeds
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what is the largest category of gymnosperms?
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conifers - cones hold their seeds
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where are the seeds of gymnosperms?
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they are exposed
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how are gymnosperm seeds spread?
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there are female and male cones and they are spread by the wind/water
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what are angiosperms?
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produce seeds in an inclosed fruit like corn, oaks, maples and grasses. the flower produces seeds in the fruit
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What is the basic reproductive unit of an angiosperm?
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the stamen and the pistol
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male parts of an angiosperm?
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stamen - it is the anther and the philemon
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female parts of an angiosperm?
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pistol - stigma, style and ovary
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pollination is
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the transfer of pollen from the male part to the female part
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self pollination
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anther to stigma in the same plants
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cross-pollination
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involving 2 plants of pollination
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how is pollen transported?
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wind, water and animals - plants that are pollinated by animals will be more brightly colored/durable water pollen is made of a single layer cellulose wall
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what type of plants produce spores?
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algae, moss, yeast and fungi produce spores
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what two ways can fungi produce spores
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asexually and sexually
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what are endospores and why are they produced?
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endospores are formed by bacteria during harsh conditions and form a thick walled, resistant spore
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how are spores passively dispersed?
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wind and water
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how are spores actively dispersed?
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by animals and ejection
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what is an advantage that spores have over pollen in forensics examination?
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spores can be grown and identified in a control area
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what is the hard outer layer, or shell of pollen/spore called and why is it important?
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it is the exile and it protects the spore/pollen grain
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what is a control sample/ where is it taken?
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taken from the crime scene it is a sample from the crime scene top layer of dirt
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technical name for a scientist who studies spores and pollen?
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palynologist
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how many species of flowers are there?
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300,000
