Enviro Chapter 18– The Environment and Human Health – Flashcards
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What pesticide has been primarily used to control mosquito populations?
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DDT
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In 1950 the global infant mortality was ________ times higher than it is today.
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4
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A ________ can be defined as the likelihood of a particular factor impairing health or causing deaths.
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risk
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Which of the following is considered a physical human health hazard?
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earthquake
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Which of the following is considered a biological human health hazard?
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malaria exposure
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In toxicity testing, the dose of a chemical above which there is a measurable decline in the health of the organism being tested is referred to as
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the toxicity threshold
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Building codes in many earthquake prone areas require homes and apartments to be designed to withstand a ________ Richter magnitude quake
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7.8
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Seventy five percent of weather-related deaths since 1990 have been associated with
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tropical storms
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Human vulnerability to toxins is varied; however, the main influences determining the effects of toxic substances on different individuals are genetics, socioeconomic status, general health, and
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age
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Tropical storms and associated floods have greater impacts in poor countries that have experienced
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deforestation
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Worldwide, death rates from weather hazards have
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decreased
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Toxicologists refer to the total amount of a chemical present in the tissues of an organism as
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body burden
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toxicology is the study of
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toxin effects on human health
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In toxicology studies, LD50 can be best described as the dose
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at which 50% of an exposed population is killed or displays a specific symptom
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What neurotoxin is of greatest concern for children's health?
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lead
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residence time is
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average length of time a molecule of a substance spends in the environment
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bioaccumulation is
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the process by which chemicals are stored in the tissues of living organisms
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Teratogens are often times also
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carcinogens
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Bisphenol A is most often found in
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plastics
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The H1N1 flu virus is common in ________ but rarely transmitted to humans until recently.
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pigs
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Which of the following diseases is transmitted by an insect vector?
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malaria
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As a result of air pollution in urban areas, more children have
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asthma
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In recent years in Africa, more individuals have ________ as a result of parasitic worms in waterways.
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schistosomiasis
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As a result of rapid changes in the development of forest landscapes, ________ incidence is rapidly increasing.
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Lyme Disease
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Toxicologists designate particularly long-lived and widely dispersed organic chemicals as persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Which of the following chemicals are in this category?
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PCB
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Which of the following influences perceptions of risk?
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These all influence risk perceptions.
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Which of the following is an example of an indirectly transmitted anthroponosis?
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malaria
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Globally, 80% of all infectious diseases are caused
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water-borne diarrheal pathogens
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An integrated approach involving ecology, epidemiology, and education has been used to reduce the threat of ________ in sub-Saharan Africa.
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schistosomiasis
