World history unit 8 study guide – Flashcards
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United Nations
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Formed in 1945 to promote peace.
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Iron Curtain
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Winston Churchill's term for the spread of Communism in Europe.
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Containment
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American policy created to stop the spread of Communism.
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Truman Doctrine
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Truman's policy to provide for any nation, when oppressed by Communism, with military and economic aid.
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Marshall Plan
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A program created to aid in the reconstruction of Europe.
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Cold War
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A political struggle between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.
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NATO
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Created in 1949 by the North Atlantic Treaty.
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Warsaw Pact
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An alliance between the USSR, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania.
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Brinkmanship
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A policy of risking war in order to protect national interests.
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Red Guards
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Led by Mao Zedong
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Cultural Revolution
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Ordered by Mao Zedong and and carried out by the Red Guards.
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38th parallel
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Line of latitude that separated North and South Korea.
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Domino Theory
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The theory that if a country came under Communism the countries near it would become Communist.
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Vietcong
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Were Communist guerrillas in Vietnam.
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Vietnamization
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A strategy by Nixon for American troops to slowly pull out of Vietnam.
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Khmer Rouge
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Communist party in Cambodia
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Third World
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Was the group of developing countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America.
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Nonaligned Countries
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Developing nations that announced their neutrality during the Cold War.
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SALT
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Negotiations between the U.S. and the USSR to limit both countries' nuclear weapons supplies.
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Detente
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The lessening of tensions between the U.S. and the USSR.
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Ronald Reagan
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President during part of the Cold War, labeled the USSR as an "evil empire".
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Richard M. Nixon
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Was good at lessening tensions between the Soviet Union and the U.S. during the Cold War.
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Lyndon Johnson
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President after Kennedy and got the U.S. involved in the Vietnam War.
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John F. Kennedy
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President during the Cuban Missile Crisis, Space Race, and the Vietnam War.
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Leonids Brezhnev
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Soviet president from 1906 to 1982.
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Nikita Khrushchev
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Leader of the USSR during the Cuban Missile Crisis.
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Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini
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Religious Muslim leader, took Americans hostage, forced the shah to flee, and set up an Islamic state.
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Anastasio Somoza
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Dictator of Nicaragua and was overthrown by the Sandinistas.
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Daniel Ortega
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Leader of the Sandinistas
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Ngo Dinh Diem
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South Vietnamese president
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Ho Chi Minh
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Vietnamese Communist statesman
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Douglas MacArthur
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U.S. general
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Mao Zedong
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Chinese Communist leader
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Jiang Jieshi
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Political and military leader of China during the 20th century.
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Yalta Agreement
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Agreement made shortly after WWII between the U.S., Britain, and the USSR.
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Robert Kennedy
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Ran for president in 1968 but was assassinated.
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Congress Party
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Led by Gandhi, led the Indian Independence Movement.
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Muslim League
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Organization formed by Muslims in 1906
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Partition
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The act of dividing
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Negritude Movement
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Movement that encouraged Africans to value their heritage.
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Camp David Accords
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A peace treaty between Egypt and Israel.
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Intifada
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"The Uprising" against Israel by Palestinians.
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Oslo Peace Accords
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An agreement by minister Rabin to grant Palestinians self rule.
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Transcaucasian Republics
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Made up of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia.
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Central Asian Republics
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Made up of Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan.
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Mujahideen
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Muslim fighters
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Taliban
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Muslim terrorist group
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Yasir Arafat
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Leader of the PLO
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Golda Meir
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First female prime minister of Israel.
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Anwar Sadat
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Egyptian president that made peace with Israel.
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Mobutu Sese Seko
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Changed the name of the Congo to Zaire.
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Ahmed Ben Bella
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First prime minister of independent Algeria.
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Jomo Kenyatta
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Became the first prime minister of Kenya.
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Kwame Nkrumah
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Ghana's first president
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India
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Pakistan was created from parts of this country.
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Pakistan
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Muslim country that was made from parts of India.
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Kashmir
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An area in southwestern Asia
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Sri Lanka
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Area where the Tamils are fighting the Sinhalese
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Bangladesh
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Formerly East Pakistan
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Rajiv Gandhi
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Son of Indira Gandhi, was assassinated by Tamil terrorists
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Indira Gandhi
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First female prime minister of India.
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Benazir Bhutto
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Elected twice as Pakistan's prime minister.
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Jawaharlal Nehru
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Indian statesman became the first prime minister of the Republic of India.
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Mohandas Gandhi
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Great leader of India who used non-violence to protest.
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Muhammad Ali Jinnah
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Was the founder of Pakistan as a Muslim state.
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Genocide in Rwanda
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The killing of 80,000 people by the Hutus.
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Palestine Liberation Organization
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A political movement uniting Palestinian Arabs.
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Great Leap
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Term for the Communist push toward Chinese modernization.
