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Nativism

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An anti-foreign feeling that arose in the 1840's and 1850's in response to the influx of Irish and German Catholics.

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Sphere of Influence

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the geographical area in which one nation is very influential

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Colony

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a geographical area politically controlled by a distant country

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Yellow Journalism

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Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers

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Open-Door Policy

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A United States trade pollicy with China that stated that all nations would have equal trading rights in China (1899-1900)

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Teller Amendment

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Legislation that promised the US would not annex Cuba after winning the Spanish-American war

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Expansionism

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the doctrine of expanding the territory or the economic influence of a country

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Roosevelt Corollary

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Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force

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Treaty of Paris

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Signed by the United States and Spain in December 1898, this treaty ended the Spanish-American War. Under its terms, Spain recognized Cuba's independence and assumed the Cuban debt; it also ceded Puerto Rico and Guam to the United States. At the insistence of the U.S. representatives, Spain also ceded the Phillipines. The Senate ratified the treaty on February 6, 1899.

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Monroe Doctrine

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an American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers

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Ideology of Expansion

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Profit, influence, etc.

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Foraker Act

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gave the US direct control over and power to set up a government in Puerto Rico

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Rough Riders

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volunteer soldiers led by Theodore Roosevelt during the Spanish American War

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Dollar Diplomacy

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Term used to describe the efforts of the US to further its foreign policy through use of economic power by gaurenteeing loans to foreign countries

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Insular Cases

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Determined that inhabitants of U.S. territories had some, but not all, of the rights of U.S. citizens.

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Bully Pulpit

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a public office of sufficiently high rank that it provides the holder with an opportunity to speak out and be listened to on any matter

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Dominions

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large areas of land controlled by a single ruler

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Platt Amendment

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prevented newly independent Cuba from making treaties with other nations and gave the US control over Guantanamo Bay

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Propaganda

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information that is spread for the purpose of promoting some cause

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Armed Neutrality

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This means that in times of war, the country has its own military forces but does not take sides in other nations' conflicts.

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Belligerent Nations

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nations currently involved in a war

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Treaty of Brest Litovsk

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treaty in which Russia lost substantial territory to the Germans. This ended Russian participation in the war.

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Zimmerman Telegram

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March 1917. Sent from German Foreign Secretary, addressed to German minister in Mexico City. Mexico should attack the US if US goes to war with Germany (needed that advantage due to Mexico's promixity to the US). In return, Germany would give back Tex, NM, Arizona etc to Mexico.

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Deterrence

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the act or process of discouraging actions or preventing occurrences by instilling fear or doubt or anxiety

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Neomercantilism

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Use protectionist trade policies in attempt to run favorable trade balances and/or accomplish political/social objectives. (What goes on today.)

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isolationism

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a policy of nonparticipation in international economic and political relations

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collective security

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a system in which a group of nations acts as one to preserve the peace of all

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Industrialization

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the development of industries for the machine production of goods

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Scheifflen Plan

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The plan used by Germany to aid them in defeated France. It was unsuccessful.

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Plan XVII

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French plan for war. Rapid attack. Sent armies to Alsace-Lorraine and wanted to engage Germans in combat and drive them back. The way to Berlin would be open while they were doing this.

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Balfour Declaration

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British document that promised land in Palestine as homeland for Jews in exchange for Jews help in WWI

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Treaty of Versailles

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the treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which demanded exorbitant reparations from the Germans

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League of Nations

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An organization of nations formed after World War I to promote cooperation and peace.

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Unilateralism

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the doctrine that nations should conduct their foreign affairs individualistically without the advice or involvement of other nations

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Russification

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Policy imposing Russian customs and traditions on other people.

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Total War

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A war that involves all people, all resources, all weapons, including those of mass destruction.

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Capitalism

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an economic system based on open competition in a free market, in which individuals and companies own the means of production and operate for profit

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Communism

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a form of socialism that abolishes private ownership

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Appeasement

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Satisfying the demands of dissatisfied powers in an effort to maintain peace and stability.

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Bolshevism

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A radical ideology supported by Vladimir Lenin. Favored a closed party consisting of and run by professional revolutionaries and supported the idea of a dictatorship that would accelerate the transition to socialism. It placed an emphasis on the working class, from which it drew much of its support

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Reparations

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payment for damages after a war

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Paris Peace Conference

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The great rulers and countries excluding Germany and Russia met in Versailles to negotiate the repercussions of the war, such leaders included Lloyd George (Britain), Woodrow Wilson (America), Cleamancu (France) and Italy. The treaty of Versailles was made but not agreed to be signed and the conference proved unsuccessful.

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Berlin Conference

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In which the European nations, excluded Germany, met to discuss the colonization of African countries.

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Socialism

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a theory or system of social organization that advocates the vesting of the ownership and control of the means of production and distribution, of capital, land, etc., in the community as a whole.

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Guerrilla War

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This kind of war includes certain kinds of civil wars. It is warfare without borders and irregular forces hidden within civilian populations. The purpose is not to directly confront an enemy by indirectly harass and punish them.

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Civil War

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war between people of the same country

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Limited War

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a war whose objective is less than the unconditional defeat of the enemy

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Social Darwinism

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The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion.

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Reinsurance Treaty

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treaty between Bismarck and Russia in 1887 so Germany wouldn't have a 2 front war. Wilhelm fired Bismarck, removed treaty, Russia allied with France

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Collectivization

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the organization of a nation or economy on the basis of collectivism

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Bourgeoise

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the class of modern capitalists, owners of the means of social production and employers of wage labor; Marx and Engels

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Proletariat

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a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

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Duma

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Russian national legislature

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Progrom

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in czarist Russia, an attack on Jews carried out by government troops or officials.

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Exploitation

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an act that exploits or victimizes someone (treats them unfairly)

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Populism

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the political doctrine that supports the rights and powers of the common people in their struggle with the privileged elite

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Serf

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peasant

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Alienation

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the experience of isolation and misery resulting from powerlessness

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